{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412163964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013161","title":"Anatomical-electrical coupling of cardiac axes: Definitions and population variability for advancing personalised ECG interpretation","display_name":"Anatomical-electrical coupling of cardiac axes: Definitions and population variability for advancing personalised ECG interpretation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412163964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013161","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40638553"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013161","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036307181","display_name":"Mohammad Kayyali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9830-8050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Kayyali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9830-8050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002389655","display_name":"Ana Minchol\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3183-4107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Minchol\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["BSICoS, I3A, IIS Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BSICoS, I3A, IIS Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030511954","display_name":"Shuang Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2313-0268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom","School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2313-0268","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050027169","display_name":"Alistair A. Young","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5702-4220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alistair Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000505399","display_name":"Devran U\u011furlu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0158-5040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Devran Ugurlu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029754958","display_name":"Elliot Fairweather","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0880-0785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elliot Fairweather","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000435552","display_name":"Steven Niederer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4612-6982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128584","display_name":"The Alan Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/035dkdb55","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Niederer","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom","The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045592222","display_name":"John Whitaker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5361-5725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Whitaker","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5361-5725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044242984","display_name":"Martin J. Bishop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6237-1902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Bishop","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085599943","display_name":"Pablo Lamata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3097-4928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Lamata","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3097-4928","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036307181"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2679294,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"7","first_page":"e1013161","last_page":"e1013161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.6677830815315247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5069661140441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.4381779730319977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3886352777481079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36132603883743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.32837820053100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.2549089193344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2526855766773224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1568334400653839}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6677830815315247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5069661140441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.4381779730319977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3886352777481079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36132603883743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.32837820053100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2549089193344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2526855766773224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1568334400653839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006973","descriptor_name":"Hypertension","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006973","descriptor_name":"Hypertension","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006973","descriptor_name":"Hypertension","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008955","descriptor_name":"Models, Cardiovascular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008955","descriptor_name":"Models, Cardiovascular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008955","descriptor_name":"Models, Cardiovascular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40638553","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40638553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:openaire/9f36d7d8-8941-4ba3-b716-13cfcc4116f4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/9f36d7d8-8941-4ba3-b716-13cfcc4116f4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kayyali, M, Minchol\u00e9, A, Qian, S, Young, A, Ugurlu, D, Fairweather, E, Niederer, S, Whitaker, J, Bishop, M & Lamata, P 2025, 'Anatomical-electrical coupling of cardiac axes : Definitions and population variability for advancing personalised ECG interpretation', PLoS Computational Biology, vol. 21, no. 7, e1013161, pp. e1013161. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013161","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zaguan.unizar.es:162300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162300","pdf_url":"https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162300/files/texto_completo.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401812","display_name":"Zaguan (University of Zaragoza Repository)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:196e6e646f2d48dfb05aebd9cf519f9f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/196e6e646f2d48dfb05aebd9cf519f9f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 21, Iss 7 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6021549748e343dfae2eb101d168092f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6021549748e343dfae2eb101d168092f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 21, Iss 7, p e1013161 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12244483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12244483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2811093388","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PG/22/10871","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","funder_display_name":"British Heart Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4215281196","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WT203148/Z/16/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5080475149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5561172208","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WT203148/Z/16/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337314","funder_display_name":"Centre For Medical Engineering, King\u2019s College London"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7535663061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8916954482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PG/18/74/34077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","funder_display_name":"British Heart Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","display_name":"British Heart Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320285","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337314","display_name":"Centre For Medical Engineering, King\u2019s College London","ror":"https://ror.org/04s9kfd63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1838153045","https://openalex.org/W1932327212","https://openalex.org/W1936273765","https://openalex.org/W1971573857","https://openalex.org/W1974256708","https://openalex.org/W1994518954","https://openalex.org/W2008832672","https://openalex.org/W2019182726","https://openalex.org/W2024795529","https://openalex.org/W2025365210","https://openalex.org/W2030244668","https://openalex.org/W2048977398","https://openalex.org/W2057661308","https://openalex.org/W2070108038","https://openalex.org/W2082704080","https://openalex.org/W2089586054","https://openalex.org/W2123658287","https://openalex.org/W2138212769","https://openalex.org/W2157858333","https://openalex.org/W2246750959","https://openalex.org/W2254631758","https://openalex.org/W2258978862","https://openalex.org/W2289573322","https://openalex.org/W2398223822","https://openalex.org/W2407618037","https://openalex.org/W2569701513","https://openalex.org/W2809984714","https://openalex.org/W2945475836","https://openalex.org/W2952757346","https://openalex.org/W2956630538","https://openalex.org/W2959359305","https://openalex.org/W2968045006","https://openalex.org/W2969854208","https://openalex.org/W2991379615","https://openalex.org/W3002059950","https://openalex.org/W3006266257","https://openalex.org/W3010152544","https://openalex.org/W3014974815","https://openalex.org/W3039651212","https://openalex.org/W3043249139","https://openalex.org/W3081407028","https://openalex.org/W3083396086","https://openalex.org/W3112701542","https://openalex.org/W3136595677","https://openalex.org/W3163240942","https://openalex.org/W3193537915","https://openalex.org/W3195546336","https://openalex.org/W3195898589","https://openalex.org/W3197782763","https://openalex.org/W4220866122","https://openalex.org/W4226138391","https://openalex.org/W4231194816","https://openalex.org/W4309311907","https://openalex.org/W4322494871","https://openalex.org/W4361306074","https://openalex.org/W4367164550","https://openalex.org/W4385379517","https://openalex.org/W4389143583","https://openalex.org/W4390395689","https://openalex.org/W4400760480","https://openalex.org/W4401729018","https://openalex.org/W4404812118","https://openalex.org/W4410424491","https://openalex.org/W4411096100","https://openalex.org/W4412447063"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313320911","https://openalex.org/W4327743144","https://openalex.org/W4245077728","https://openalex.org/W2607424049","https://openalex.org/W4390922876","https://openalex.org/W3183204001","https://openalex.org/W4206302830","https://openalex.org/W2185941092","https://openalex.org/W4386782890","https://openalex.org/W3210948575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electrocardiogram":[0],"(ECG)":[1],"recordings":[2],"are":[3],"affected":[4,227],"by":[5,238,248],"the":[6,11,14,22,29,38,52,55,62,79,95,142,161,167,170,173,177,181,185,188,205,228,232,239,262,289,295,317,323],"heart's":[7],"three-dimensional":[8],"orientation":[9],"within":[10,156],"thorax,":[12],"i.e.,":[13],"anatomical":[15,23,57,81,133,162,229],"axis.":[16,40,241],"Various":[17],"cardiac":[18,56,80,112,326],"conditions":[19],"can":[20],"cause":[21],"axis":[24,137,163,183],"to":[25,35,172,251,308],"shift":[26],"and/or":[27],"alter":[28],"pattern":[30,236,276],"of":[31,46,51,97,145,176,187,219,264,325],"electrical":[32,39,59,83,136,182,209,240],"activation,":[33],"leading":[34],"changes":[36],"in":[37,90,153,195,204,261,288],"Nevertheless,":[41],"there":[42],"remains":[43],"a":[44,47,212,252,273],"lack":[45],"formal,":[48],"population-level":[49],"study":[50,71],"interplay":[53,89,320],"between":[54,294],"and":[58,61,82,102,108,116,128,134,180,216,299,305,321,335],"axes":[60,210,243,257,296,327],"factors":[63],"that":[64,278],"affect":[65],"them.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68,70],"context,":[69],"aimed":[72],"to:":[73],"(1)":[74],"propose":[75],"standardised":[76],"definitions":[77,138,146],"for":[78,329],"axes,":[84],"(2)":[85],"characterise":[86],"their":[87,100,150],"population-wide":[88],"healthy":[91,158,206],"conditions,":[92],"(3)":[93],"evaluate":[94],"impact":[96],"hypertension":[98,309],"on":[99,149],"distribution":[101],"(4)":[103],"identify":[104],"associations":[105,293],"with":[106,141,269,279],"phenotypical":[107],"disease":[109,336],"characteristics.":[110],"Using":[111],"magnetic":[113],"resonance":[114],"images":[115],"12-lead":[117],"ECGs":[118],"from":[119,169],"~39,000":[120],"UK":[121,266],"Biobank":[122],"participants,":[123],"patient-specific,":[124],"paired":[125],"biventricular":[126],"geometries":[127],"vectorcardiograms":[129],"were":[130,139,244,258],"constructed.":[131],"Five":[132],"four":[135,178],"computed,":[140],"optimal":[143],"pair":[144],"selected":[147],"based":[148],"mutual":[151],"alignment":[152],"3D":[154],"space":[155],"28,000":[157],"subjects.":[159],"Accordingly,":[160],"was":[164,200,222,282],"defined":[165],"as":[166,184,277],"vector":[168],"apex":[171],"spatial":[174],"centre":[175],"valves,":[179],"direction":[186],"maximum":[189],"QRS":[190],"dipole.":[191],"Mean":[192],"angular":[193,297],"separation":[194],"3D,":[196],"[Formula:":[197],"see":[198],"text],":[199],"145.0\u00b0":[201],"\u00b1":[202],"16.8\u00b0":[203],"cohort.":[207],"The":[208,256],"exhibited":[211],"much":[213],"larger":[214],"variability,":[215],"strong":[217],"evidence":[218],"anatomical-electrical":[220,319],"coupling":[221],"identified.":[223],"Increasing":[224],"BMI":[225,281],"notably":[226],"axis,":[230],"rotating":[231],"heart":[233],"more":[234],"horizontally-a":[235],"mirrored":[237],"Both":[242],"also":[245],"significantly":[246],"influenced":[247],"sex":[249],"and,":[250],"lesser":[253],"extent,":[254],"age.":[255],"then":[259],"studied":[260],"sub-cohort":[263],"~3,500":[265],"BioBank":[267],"participants":[268,291],"primary":[270],"hypertension,":[271],"where":[272],"similar":[274],"rotational":[275],"increasing":[280],"revealed.":[283],"Finally,":[284],"phenome-wide":[285],"association":[286,307],"studies":[287],"39,000":[290],"reveal":[292],"metrics":[298],"phenotypes":[300],"signalling":[301],"an":[302,306,330],"increased":[303],"afterload,":[304],"among":[310],"other":[311],"clinical":[312,332],"conditions.":[313],"These":[314],"findings":[315],"underscore":[316],"complex":[318],"highlight":[322],"potential":[324],"biomarkers":[328],"improved":[331],"ECG":[333],"interpretation":[334],"characterisation.":[337]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-13T08:25:38.343686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
