{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409640390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012971","title":"Temporal resolution of spike coding in feedforward networks with signal convergence and divergence","display_name":"Temporal resolution of spike coding in feedforward networks with signal convergence and divergence","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409640390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012971","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40258062"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012971","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051695011","display_name":"Zachary Mobille","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5955-6869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098931","display_name":"Quantitative BioSciences","ror":"https://ror.org/010brsj79","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098931"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zach Mobille","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Quantitative Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America","School of Mathematics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5955-6869","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Quantitative Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098931","https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015876159","display_name":"Usama Bin Sikandar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3335-5994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usama Bin Sikandar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America","School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044826417","display_name":"Simon Sponberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4942-4894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098931","display_name":"Quantitative BioSciences","ror":"https://ror.org/010brsj79","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098931"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Sponberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Quantitative Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America","School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America","School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Quantitative Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098931","https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011070481","display_name":"Hannah Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8192-1121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098931","display_name":"Quantitative BioSciences","ror":"https://ror.org/010brsj79","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098931"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Quantitative Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America","School of Mathematics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8192-1121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Quantitative Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098931","https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051695011"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I4210098931"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":1.2359,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77338172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"e1012971","last_page":"e1012971"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10423","display_name":"Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike","display_name":"Spike (software development)","score":0.5625956654548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-forward","display_name":"Feed forward","score":0.5565972924232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-coding","display_name":"Neural coding","score":0.5554754734039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5043452978134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4409694969654083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.42644545435905457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.42233455181121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensory-system","display_name":"Sensory system","score":0.4164603352546692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike-potential","display_name":"Spike potential","score":0.4112016260623932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.3363395929336548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.331182062625885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3137584924697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15014886856079102}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203449","display_name":"Spike (software development)","level":2,"score":0.5625956654548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.5565972924232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77637269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002051","display_name":"Neural coding","level":2,"score":0.5554754734039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5043452978134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4409694969654083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.42644545435905457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.42233455181121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94487597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101","display_name":"Sensory system","level":2,"score":0.4164603352546692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120416640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577225","display_name":"Spike potential","level":3,"score":0.4112016260623932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.3363395929336548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.331182062625885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3137584924697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15014886856079102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4141045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83183","display_name":"Depolarization","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018402","descriptor_name":"Manduca","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018402","descriptor_name":"Manduca","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018402","descriptor_name":"Manduca","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018402","descriptor_name":"Manduca","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40258062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40258062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:77bcfd0f4128429fbb6224186886f061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/77bcfd0f4128429fbb6224186886f061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 21, Iss 4, p e1012971 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:10831638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12021431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G268120978","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32GM142616","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6999789890","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FG-2022-18969","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306151","funder_display_name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7314563399","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-22-1-0315","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306151","display_name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/052csg198"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310358","display_name":"Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/054awkm93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181273190","https://openalex.org/W568932507","https://openalex.org/W1508769776","https://openalex.org/W1512746852","https://openalex.org/W1557376630","https://openalex.org/W1576838367","https://openalex.org/W1594210692","https://openalex.org/W1618905105","https://openalex.org/W1908388707","https://openalex.org/W1974983944","https://openalex.org/W1975389666","https://openalex.org/W1977675569","https://openalex.org/W1985392528","https://openalex.org/W1988878611","https://openalex.org/W1999653836","https://openalex.org/W2001218774","https://openalex.org/W2004928594","https://openalex.org/W2006581331","https://openalex.org/W2012704126","https://openalex.org/W2050458035","https://openalex.org/W2054461501","https://openalex.org/W2062899906","https://openalex.org/W2066268486","https://openalex.org/W2073272844","https://openalex.org/W2083250197","https://openalex.org/W2087661010","https://openalex.org/W2092939357","https://openalex.org/W2097560155","https://openalex.org/W2099009247","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2107019796","https://openalex.org/W2109584604","https://openalex.org/W2110456678","https://openalex.org/W2113335883","https://openalex.org/W2114771311","https://openalex.org/W2115831804","https://openalex.org/W2131215403","https://openalex.org/W2131365579","https://openalex.org/W2138704896","https://openalex.org/W2164653071","https://openalex.org/W2171302127","https://openalex.org/W2172897039","https://openalex.org/W2416532995","https://openalex.org/W2504134309","https://openalex.org/W2510781454","https://openalex.org/W2520280309","https://openalex.org/W2557390385","https://openalex.org/W2617582993","https://openalex.org/W2771112979","https://openalex.org/W2786992489","https://openalex.org/W2803246113","https://openalex.org/W2883380036","https://openalex.org/W2887602969","https://openalex.org/W2893263515","https://openalex.org/W2912307378","https://openalex.org/W2950307503","https://openalex.org/W2950418866","https://openalex.org/W2950833128","https://openalex.org/W2950858158","https://openalex.org/W2953000845","https://openalex.org/W2960290043","https://openalex.org/W2984844508","https://openalex.org/W2996274921","https://openalex.org/W3038854314","https://openalex.org/W3045575309","https://openalex.org/W3046749939","https://openalex.org/W3088534631","https://openalex.org/W3090887708","https://openalex.org/W3101571838","https://openalex.org/W3105906777","https://openalex.org/W3132935694","https://openalex.org/W3179574759","https://openalex.org/W3201870057","https://openalex.org/W4211091012","https://openalex.org/W4213455879","https://openalex.org/W4226091863","https://openalex.org/W4231081240","https://openalex.org/W4233124283","https://openalex.org/W4281663412","https://openalex.org/W4296806557","https://openalex.org/W4309873897","https://openalex.org/W4313558094","https://openalex.org/W4380303518","https://openalex.org/W4386033520","https://openalex.org/W4388895029","https://openalex.org/W4396738069","https://openalex.org/W4400038628","https://openalex.org/W4403062911","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6724111386"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2286391053","https://openalex.org/W2982600058","https://openalex.org/W1963486701","https://openalex.org/W2312483540","https://openalex.org/W4249477090","https://openalex.org/W1491823474","https://openalex.org/W2030610956","https://openalex.org/W2414487701","https://openalex.org/W2125502462","https://openalex.org/W2414035727"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convergent":[0],"and":[1,17,49,87,101,156,169,185,227],"divergent":[2,88],"structures":[3],"in":[4,25,70,85,204],"the":[5,57,68,93,107,197,219,225],"networks":[6,27,89],"that":[7,119,146,177],"make":[8],"up":[9],"biological":[10],"brains":[11],"are":[12],"found":[13,176],"across":[14,152,218],"many":[15],"species":[16],"brain":[18],"regions":[19],"at":[20,106,223],"various":[21],"spatial":[22],"scales.":[23],"Neurons":[24],"these":[26],"fire":[28],"action":[29],"potentials,":[30],"or":[31],"\"spikes,\"":[32],"whose":[33],"precise":[34,96],"timing":[35,74,134,202],"is":[36,65],"becoming":[37],"increasingly":[38],"appreciated":[39],"as":[40],"large":[41],"sources":[42],"of":[43,72,95,112,123,158,188,200,215],"information":[44,71,203],"about":[45],"both":[46,224],"sensory":[47],"input":[48],"motor":[50,206],"output.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53,104,147],"work,":[54],"we":[55,117,175],"investigate":[56],"extent":[58],"to":[59,67,126],"which":[60],"feedforward":[61],"convergent/divergent":[62],"network":[63,127,167,180],"structure":[64,168],"related":[66],"gain":[69],"spike":[73,77,97,133,201,216],"representations":[75],"over":[76],"count":[78],"representations.":[79],"While":[80],"previous":[81],"theories":[82],"on":[83,183,211],"coding":[84,159,170,217],"convergent":[86],"have":[90],"largely":[91],"neglected":[92],"role":[94],"timing,":[98],"our":[99],"model":[100,181],"analyses":[102],"place":[103],"aspect":[105],"forefront.":[108],"For":[109],"a":[110,129,162,178,189],"suite":[111],"stimuli":[113],"with":[114],"different":[115,153],"timescales,":[116],"demonstrate":[118],"structural":[120,141],"bottlenecks-small":[121],"groups":[122],"neurons":[124],"post-synaptic":[125],"convergence-have":[128],"stronger":[130],"preference":[131],"for":[132],"codes":[135],"than":[136],"expansion":[137],"layers":[138],"created":[139],"by":[140],"divergence.":[142],"We":[143],"further":[144],"show":[145],"relationship":[148],"can":[149,195],"be":[150],"generalized":[151],"spike-generating":[154],"models":[155],"measures":[157],"capacity,":[160],"implying":[161],"potentially":[163],"fundamental":[164],"link":[165],"between":[166],"strategy":[171],"using":[172],"spikes.":[173],"Additionally,":[174],"simple":[179],"based":[182],"convergence":[184],"divergence":[186],"ratios":[187],"hawkmoth":[190],"(Manduca":[191],"sexta)":[192],"nervous":[193],"system":[194],"reproduce":[196],"relative":[198],"contribution":[199],"its":[205],"output,":[207],"providing":[208],"testable":[209],"predictions":[210],"optimal":[212],"temporal":[213],"resolutions":[214],"moth":[220],"sensory-motor":[221],"pathway":[222],"single-neuron":[226],"population":[228],"levels.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
