{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411271997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012763","title":"From experimental clues to theoretical modeling: Evolution associated with the membrane-takeover at an early stage of life","display_name":"From experimental clues to theoretical modeling: Evolution associated with the membrane-takeover at an early stage of life","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411271997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012763","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40512812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012763","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102728538","display_name":"Wentao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2948-7695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wentao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2948-7695","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114430010","display_name":"Chunwu Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2610-0919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunwu Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102728538","https://openalex.org/A5114430010"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08237802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"e1012763","last_page":"e1012763"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":0.9587000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.7327097058296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-evolution","display_name":"Biological evolution","score":0.4421789348125458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.3822707235813141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","score":0.3726893663406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleontology","display_name":"Paleontology","score":0.14148539304733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.08219712972640991}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.7327097058296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988562018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063","display_name":"Biological evolution","level":2,"score":0.4421789348125458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3822707235813141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.3726893663406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.14148539304733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.08219712972640991}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069497","descriptor_name":"Origin of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069497","descriptor_name":"Origin of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069497","descriptor_name":"Origin of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002462","descriptor_name":"Cell Membrane","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002462","descriptor_name":"Cell Membrane","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002462","descriptor_name":"Cell Membrane","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002462","descriptor_name":"Cell Membrane","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002462","descriptor_name":"Cell Membrane","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002462","descriptor_name":"Cell Membrane","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002462","descriptor_name":"Cell Membrane","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002462","descriptor_name":"Cell Membrane","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002462","descriptor_name":"Cell Membrane","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005227","descriptor_name":"Fatty Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005227","descriptor_name":"Fatty Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005227","descriptor_name":"Fatty Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005227","descriptor_name":"Fatty Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005227","descriptor_name":"Fatty Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005227","descriptor_name":"Fatty Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010743","descriptor_name":"Phospholipids","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010743","descriptor_name":"Phospholipids","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010743","descriptor_name":"Phospholipids","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010743","descriptor_name":"Phospholipids","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010743","descriptor_name":"Phospholipids","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010743","descriptor_name":"Phospholipids","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012313","descriptor_name":"RNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012313","descriptor_name":"RNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012313","descriptor_name":"RNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012313","descriptor_name":"RNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012313","descriptor_name":"RNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012313","descriptor_name":"RNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016337","descriptor_name":"RNA, Catalytic","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016337","descriptor_name":"RNA, Catalytic","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016337","descriptor_name":"RNA, Catalytic","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016337","descriptor_name":"RNA, Catalytic","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016337","descriptor_name":"RNA, Catalytic","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016337","descriptor_name":"RNA, Catalytic","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058045","descriptor_name":"Artificial Cells","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058045","descriptor_name":"Artificial Cells","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058045","descriptor_name":"Artificial Cells","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40512812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40512812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9506c5fc557b4ca19d437c026140fb8b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9506c5fc557b4ca19d437c026140fb8b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 21, Iss 6, p e1012763 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12201655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12201655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G197605962","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019CFB685","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4078868875","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31571367","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1633944576","https://openalex.org/W1865631169","https://openalex.org/W1939609876","https://openalex.org/W1970977492","https://openalex.org/W1976034271","https://openalex.org/W1984724404","https://openalex.org/W1993130196","https://openalex.org/W1993816480","https://openalex.org/W1993942594","https://openalex.org/W1994563829","https://openalex.org/W1996224306","https://openalex.org/W2000179170","https://openalex.org/W2014809850","https://openalex.org/W2026829672","https://openalex.org/W2033873715","https://openalex.org/W2044618645","https://openalex.org/W2046086095","https://openalex.org/W2048693579","https://openalex.org/W2050110866","https://openalex.org/W2051474400","https://openalex.org/W2051636768","https://openalex.org/W2053831933","https://openalex.org/W2055071743","https://openalex.org/W2058598267","https://openalex.org/W2061543242","https://openalex.org/W2067901730","https://openalex.org/W2070980680","https://openalex.org/W2097103010","https://openalex.org/W2098725272","https://openalex.org/W2109292982","https://openalex.org/W2116844639","https://openalex.org/W2123720645","https://openalex.org/W2130504094","https://openalex.org/W2134169821","https://openalex.org/W2134171083","https://openalex.org/W2145224718","https://openalex.org/W2149376555","https://openalex.org/W2153339171","https://openalex.org/W2156030765","https://openalex.org/W2164701497","https://openalex.org/W2166637067","https://openalex.org/W2168528449","https://openalex.org/W2170154073","https://openalex.org/W2312694012","https://openalex.org/W2531279797","https://openalex.org/W2553282419","https://openalex.org/W2614209797","https://openalex.org/W2615191080","https://openalex.org/W2624564395","https://openalex.org/W2731780586","https://openalex.org/W2770413150","https://openalex.org/W2775307375","https://openalex.org/W2786075478","https://openalex.org/W2892140782","https://openalex.org/W2909322982","https://openalex.org/W2943510327","https://openalex.org/W2983163638","https://openalex.org/W2996553307","https://openalex.org/W3092625506","https://openalex.org/W3163068671","https://openalex.org/W4200510131","https://openalex.org/W4225529261","https://openalex.org/W4235033012","https://openalex.org/W4285205537","https://openalex.org/W4285230095","https://openalex.org/W4285236852","https://openalex.org/W4378746493","https://openalex.org/W4407029947","https://openalex.org/W6604657103","https://openalex.org/W6678484986","https://openalex.org/W6679662726","https://openalex.org/W6689543236","https://openalex.org/W6746463882","https://openalex.org/W6746471494"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061542922","https://openalex.org/W2165886284","https://openalex.org/W2600687590","https://openalex.org/W2900384991","https://openalex.org/W3191028122","https://openalex.org/W2075474900","https://openalex.org/W3086741367","https://openalex.org/W2018600661","https://openalex.org/W2014935796","https://openalex.org/W2083501474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"cell":[1,10],"membranes":[2,11],"are":[3,17],"primarily":[4],"composed":[5],"of":[6,15,81,88,108,111,123,136,170,189],"phospholipids,":[7],"while":[8],"primitive":[9],"in":[12,30,55,101],"the":[13,31,40,56,86,109,116,121,130,137,187],"beginning":[14],"life":[16],"believed":[18],"to":[19,49,60,129],"have":[20,50,67],"formed":[21],"from":[22],"simpler":[23],"lipids":[24],"(such":[25],"as":[26],"fatty":[27],"acids)":[28],"synthesized":[29],"prebiotic":[32],"environment.":[33],"An":[34],"attractive":[35],"experimental":[36,171],"study":[37],"suggested":[38],"that":[39,100,183],"corresponding":[41],"\"membrane-takeover\"":[42],"(as":[43],"an":[44],"evolutionary":[45,72],"process)":[46],"is":[47,98],"likely":[48],"occurred":[51],"very":[52],"early":[53,176],"(e.g.,":[54],"RNA":[57,143],"world)":[58],"due":[59,128],"some":[61,70],"simple":[62],"physical":[63],"effects,":[64],"and":[65,92,159,172],"might":[66],"subsequently":[68],"triggered":[69],"other":[71,141],"processes.":[73],"Here,":[74],"via":[75],"computer":[76],"modeling":[77],"on":[78,94,134,182],"a":[79,90,104,118,147,160,168],"system":[80],"RNA-based":[82],"protocells,":[83],"we":[84],"convinced":[85],"plausibility":[87],"such":[89],"scenario":[91],"elaborated":[93],"relevant":[95],"mechanisms.":[96],"It":[97],"shown":[99],"protocells":[102],"with":[103],"fatty-acid":[105],"membrane,":[106],"because":[107],"benefit":[110],"phospholipid":[112,138],"content":[113],"(i.e.,":[114],"stabilizing":[115],"membrane),":[117],"ribozyme":[119,148],"favoring":[120,162],"synthesis":[122,158],"phospholipids":[124],"may":[125,179],"emerge;":[126],"subsequently,":[127],"reduced":[131],"membrane":[132],"permeability":[133],"account":[135],"content,":[139],"two":[140],"functional":[142],"species":[144,161],"could":[145],"arise:":[146],"exploiting":[149],"more":[150,154],"fundamental":[151],"materials":[152],"(thus":[153],"permeable)":[155],"for":[156],"nucleotide":[157],"across-membrane":[163],"transportation.":[164],"This":[165],"case":[166],"exemplifies":[167],"combination":[169],"theoretical":[173],"efforts":[174],"regarding":[175],"evolution,":[177],"which":[178],"shed":[180],"light":[181],"notoriously":[184],"complicated":[185],"problem:":[186],"origin":[188],"life.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}