{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401331802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012211","title":"Impact of waning immunity against SARS-CoV-2 severity exacerbated by vaccine hesitancy","display_name":"Impact of waning immunity against SARS-CoV-2 severity exacerbated by vaccine hesitancy","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401331802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012211","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39102402"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012211","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090938987","display_name":"Chadi M. Saad-Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2217-3071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801317473","display_name":"Miller College","ror":"https://ror.org/00pctvz49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801317473"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chadi M. Saad-Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America","Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2217-3071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801317473","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064158948","display_name":"Sinead E. Morris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8626-1698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799503643","display_name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01esghr10","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799503643"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sinead E. Morris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8626-1698","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799503643"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035603577","display_name":"Mike Boots","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-6136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mike Boots","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom","Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003436050","display_name":"Rachel E. Baker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-8103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rachel E. Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072570670","display_name":"Bryan Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0793-6082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151352","display_name":"Biocom","ror":"https://ror.org/03ymdxs56","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151352"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bryan L. Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network Systems Science and Advanced Computing Division, Biocomplexity Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Systems Science and Advanced Computing Division, Biocomplexity Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151352","https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078360219","display_name":"Jeremy Farrar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2700-623X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87048295","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Farrar","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Wellcome Trust, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Wellcome Trust, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020293284","display_name":"Madhav Marathe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-0658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151352","display_name":"Biocom","ror":"https://ror.org/03ymdxs56","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151352"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Madhav V. Marathe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America","Network Systems Science and Advanced Computing Division, Biocomplexity Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Systems Science and Advanced Computing Division, Biocomplexity Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151352","https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015680502","display_name":"Andrea L. Graham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-2755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea L. Graham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077712228","display_name":"Simon A. Levin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8216-5639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simon A. Levin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031690924","display_name":"Caroline E. Wagner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-2797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Caroline E. Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110014906","display_name":"C. Jessica E. Metcalf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3166-7521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800565835","display_name":"Princeton Public Schools","ror":"https://ror.org/041m1e551","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800565835"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Jessica E. Metcalf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America","School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843","https://openalex.org/I2800565835"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018222452","display_name":"Bryan T. Grenfell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3227-5909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800565835","display_name":"Princeton Public Schools","ror":"https://ror.org/041m1e551","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800565835"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bryan T. Grenfell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America","School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843","https://openalex.org/I2800565835"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003436050","https://openalex.org/A5015680502","https://openalex.org/A5018222452","https://openalex.org/A5020293284","https://openalex.org/A5031690924","https://openalex.org/A5035603577","https://openalex.org/A5064158948","https://openalex.org/A5072570670","https://openalex.org/A5077712228","https://openalex.org/A5078360219","https://openalex.org/A5090938987","https://openalex.org/A5110014906"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843","https://openalex.org/I23923803","https://openalex.org/I27804330","https://openalex.org/I2799503643","https://openalex.org/I2800565835","https://openalex.org/I2801317473","https://openalex.org/I4210151352","https://openalex.org/I5023651","https://openalex.org/I51556381","https://openalex.org/I87048295","https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":3.5773,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93823354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"8","first_page":"e1012211","last_page":"e1012211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10833","display_name":"Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","score":0.7522991299629211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.6932486891746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-virus","display_name":"Sars virus","score":0.6832364201545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunity","display_name":"Immunity","score":0.6538606882095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2019-20-coronavirus-outbreak","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","score":0.6523815393447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virology","display_name":"Virology","score":0.5851308107376099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.46549782156944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/betacoronavirus","display_name":"Betacoronavirus","score":0.4401559829711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology","display_name":"Immunology","score":0.4034697711467743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.39989060163497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system","display_name":"Immune system","score":0.20250698924064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","score":0.14122110605239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.12281626462936401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outbreak","display_name":"Outbreak","score":0.12090614438056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.074840247631073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.7522991299629211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.6932486891746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020799909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85438966","display_name":"Sars virus","level":5,"score":0.6832364201545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.6538606882095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.6523815393447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.5851308107376099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.46549782156944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16532287","display_name":"Betacoronavirus","level":5,"score":0.4401559829711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4034697711467743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.39989060163497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.20250698924064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.14122110605239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.12281626462936401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.12090614438056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.074840247631073}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086663","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086663","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086663","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086663","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086663","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086663","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086663","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000088823","descriptor_name":"Vaccination Hesitancy","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000088823","descriptor_name":"Vaccination Hesitancy","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000088823","descriptor_name":"Vaccination Hesitancy","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000088823","descriptor_name":"Vaccination Hesitancy","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000088823","descriptor_name":"Vaccination Hesitancy","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000088823","descriptor_name":"Vaccination Hesitancy","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000088823","descriptor_name":"Vaccination Hesitancy","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014611","descriptor_name":"Vaccination","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014611","descriptor_name":"Vaccination","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014611","descriptor_name":"Vaccination","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014611","descriptor_name":"Vaccination","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014611","descriptor_name":"Vaccination","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014611","descriptor_name":"Vaccination","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014611","descriptor_name":"Vaccination","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39102402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39102402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11299835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11299835","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11299835/pdf/pcbi.1012211.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a34513b233704ad2a385f1cd24acf2f0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a34513b233704ad2a385f1cd24acf2f0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 20, Iss 8, p e1012211 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1987481556","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1918656, CCF-1917819, NSF RAPID 2142997","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2372087932","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1918656","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3711364531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Contract UVABIO610-GY23","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308201","funder_display_name":"Virginia Department of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3990564574","display_name":"RAPID: Collaborative: Transfer Learning Techniques for Better Response to COVID-19 in the US","funder_award_id":"2027908","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4894173665","display_name":"RAPID: Modeling and Analytics for COVID-19 Outbreak Response in India: A multi-institutional, US-India joint collaborative effort","funder_award_id":"2142997","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4966575984","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OAC-1916805","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7180878835","display_name":"Expeditions: Collaborative Research: Global Pervasive Computational Epidemiology","funder_award_id":"1917819","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G723093661","display_name":"US-UK Collab: Heterogeneities, Diversity and the Evolution of Infectious Disease","funder_award_id":"2011109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7315863584","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Framework: Software: CINES: A Scalable Cyberinfrastructure for Sustained Innovation in Network Engineering and Science","funder_award_id":"1916805","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7569778158","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 CK000555","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","funder_display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8137361946","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2027908","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8146162564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1917819","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G887741455","display_name":"Expeditions: Collaborative Research: Global Pervasive Computational Epidemiology","funder_award_id":"1918656","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306183","display_name":"James S. McDonnell Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03dy4aq19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307764","display_name":"Microsoft","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308201","display_name":"Virginia Department of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00j2wht38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309327","display_name":"Google","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309634","display_name":"Adolph C. and Mary Sprague Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California Berkeley","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319549","display_name":"Flu Lab","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319788","display_name":"C3.ai Digital Transformation Institute","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332186","display_name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/04tz64554"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974632923","https://openalex.org/W1975363026","https://openalex.org/W2119425767","https://openalex.org/W2130200473","https://openalex.org/W2142773663","https://openalex.org/W2331125559","https://openalex.org/W2571979973","https://openalex.org/W3015988827","https://openalex.org/W3025654679","https://openalex.org/W3032220292","https://openalex.org/W3032971139","https://openalex.org/W3033536745","https://openalex.org/W3087402740","https://openalex.org/W3090786066","https://openalex.org/W3097745040","https://openalex.org/W3105224959","https://openalex.org/W3111255098","https://openalex.org/W3111590711","https://openalex.org/W3113734454","https://openalex.org/W3116528443","https://openalex.org/W3119411150","https://openalex.org/W3127013662","https://openalex.org/W3127213788","https://openalex.org/W3127409845","https://openalex.org/W3134208712","https://openalex.org/W3135411054","https://openalex.org/W3137149656","https://openalex.org/W3171681979","https://openalex.org/W3187962553","https://openalex.org/W3195737245","https://openalex.org/W3196353849","https://openalex.org/W4200026982","https://openalex.org/W4205483821","https://openalex.org/W4211068682","https://openalex.org/W4220756778","https://openalex.org/W4220829301","https://openalex.org/W4221072241","https://openalex.org/W4226391429","https://openalex.org/W4281660708","https://openalex.org/W4286217721","https://openalex.org/W4286495791","https://openalex.org/W4307441048","https://openalex.org/W4310570507","https://openalex.org/W4321004604","https://openalex.org/W4379744025","https://openalex.org/W4386242823","https://openalex.org/W4387970155","https://openalex.org/W4388299012","https://openalex.org/W4390263880"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205544939","https://openalex.org/W4200000620","https://openalex.org/W3214333824","https://openalex.org/W4290085574","https://openalex.org/W4285396257","https://openalex.org/W3182721222","https://openalex.org/W3007665422","https://openalex.org/W3096264172","https://openalex.org/W3133889443","https://openalex.org/W4225714414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"SARS-CoV-2":[1,154],"pandemic":[2],"has":[3,225],"generated":[4],"a":[5,42,96],"considerable":[6],"number":[7,43],"of":[8,26,44,53,68,84,99,122,138,153,170,222,272],"infections":[9],"and":[10,13,51,106,120,149,261],"associated":[11],"morbidity":[12],"mortality":[14],"across":[15],"the":[16,24,49,65,82,118,151,220,255,270],"world.":[17],"Recovery":[18],"from":[19,133],"these":[20,38,139,147],"infections,":[21],"combined":[22],"with":[23,172,277],"onset":[25],"large-scale":[27],"vaccination,":[28],"have":[29,40,185,243],"led":[30],"to":[31,48,95,117,248,257],"rapidly-changing":[32],"population-level":[33,101,190],"immunological":[34],"landscapes.":[35],"In":[36,176],"turn,":[37],"complexities":[39],"highlighted":[41],"important":[45],"unknowns":[46],"related":[47],"breadth":[50],"strength":[52,119],"immunity":[54,70,86,224],"following":[55],"recovery":[56],"or":[57,91],"vaccination.":[58],"Using":[59],"simple":[60],"mathematical":[61],"models,":[62],"we":[63,110,234],"investigate":[64],"medium-term":[66,100],"impacts":[67],"waning":[69],"against":[71],"severe":[72],"disease":[73],"on":[74,189,229],"immuno-epidemiological":[75],"dynamics.":[76],"We":[77],"find":[78,235],"that":[79,112,129,212,219,236],"uncertainties":[80,148],"in":[81,155,160],"duration":[83,121,221],"severity-blocking":[85,174,262],"(imparted":[87],"by":[88],"either":[89],"infection":[90,104,131],"vaccination)":[92],"can":[93],"lead":[94],"large":[97],"range":[98],"outcomes":[102],"(i.e.":[103],"characteristics":[105],"immune":[107,125,140,165,231,263],"landscapes).":[108],"Furthermore,":[109,233],"show":[111],"epidemiological":[113],"dynamics":[114],"are":[115,196,213,215],"sensitive":[116],"underlying":[123],"host":[124],"responses;":[126],"this":[127,237],"implies":[128],"determining":[130],"levels":[132],"hospitalizations":[134],"requires":[135],"accurate":[136],"estimates":[137],"parameters.":[141],"More":[142],"durable":[143],"vaccines":[144,184,276],"both":[145,259],"reduce":[146],"alleviate":[150],"burden":[152],"pessimistic":[156,202],"outcomes.":[157],"However,":[158],"heterogeneity":[159,206],"vaccine":[161,280],"uptake":[162],"drastically":[163],"changes":[164],"landscapes":[166],"toward":[167],"larger":[168],"fractions":[169],"individuals":[171,211],"waned":[173],"immunity.":[175],"particular,":[177],"if":[178,193,241],"hesitancy":[179],"is":[180,239],"substantial,":[181],"more":[182],"robust":[183,274],"almost":[186],"no":[187,226],"effects":[188],"immuno-epidemiology,":[191],"even":[192],"vaccination":[194,205],"rates":[195],"compensatorily":[197],"high":[198],"among":[199],"vaccine-adopters.":[200],"This":[201],"scenario":[203],"for":[204],"arises":[207],"because":[208],"those":[209],"few":[210],"vaccine-adopters":[214],"so":[216],"readily":[217],"re-vaccinated":[218],"vaccinal":[223],"appreciable":[227],"consequences":[228],"their":[230],"status.":[232],"effect":[238],"heightened":[240],"vaccine-hesitants":[242],"increased":[244],"transmissibility":[245],"(e.g.":[246],"due":[247],"riskier":[249],"behavior).":[250],"Overall,":[251],"our":[252],"results":[253],"illustrate":[254],"necessity":[256],"characterize":[258],"transmission-blocking":[260],"time":[264],"scales.":[265],"Our":[266],"findings":[267],"also":[268],"underline":[269],"importance":[271],"developing":[273],"next-generation":[275],"equitable":[278],"mass":[279],"deployment.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}