{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395448905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011979","title":"Indirect reciprocity with Bayesian reasoning and biases","display_name":"Indirect reciprocity with Bayesian reasoning and biases","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395448905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011979","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38662682"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011979","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011979&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011979&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057578405","display_name":"Bryce Morsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3608-1634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bryce Morsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America","Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3608-1634","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073702596","display_name":"Joshua B. Plotkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2349-6304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua B. Plotkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016094459","display_name":"Erol Ak\u00e7ay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8149-7124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erol Ak\u00e7ay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057578405"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165","https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":3.0815,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91321456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"e1011979","last_page":"e1011979"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pessimism","display_name":"Pessimism","score":0.762869119644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stern","display_name":"Stern","score":0.6452459096908569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocity","display_name":"Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)","score":0.6294492483139038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"Reputation","score":0.5868447422981262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.5811115503311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5400230884552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-inference","display_name":"Bayesian inference","score":0.4960039556026459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.4734109342098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4546036124229431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-dilemma","display_name":"Social dilemma","score":0.42680564522743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.41363441944122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29276472330093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21645435690879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.12348833680152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.11440351605415344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9992130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484954","display_name":"Pessimism","level":2,"score":0.762869119644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96597354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273062","display_name":"Stern","level":2,"score":0.6452459096908569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3264987","display_name":"Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)","level":2,"score":0.6294492483139038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.5868447422981262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.5811115503311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5400230884552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.4960039556026459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4734109342098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4546036124229431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187206662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55607920","display_name":"Social dilemma","level":2,"score":0.42680564522743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.41363441944122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29276472330093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21645435690879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.12348833680152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.11440351605415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003299","descriptor_name":"Cooperative Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003299","descriptor_name":"Cooperative Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003299","descriptor_name":"Cooperative Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003299","descriptor_name":"Cooperative Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005716","descriptor_name":"Game Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005716","descriptor_name":"Game Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005716","descriptor_name":"Game Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005716","descriptor_name":"Game Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011979","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011979&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38662682","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38662682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11045068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11045068","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11045068/pdf/pcbi.1011979.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:diginole.lib.fsu.edu:fsu_1029340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401638","display_name":"DigiNole (Florida State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","host_organization_name":"Florida State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cfc8d0e1397c42a6a8fbd35b427409b7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cfc8d0e1397c42a6a8fbd35b427409b7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 20, Iss 4, p e1011979 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011979","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011979&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2447912197","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62281","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306193","funder_display_name":"John Templeton Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306193","display_name":"John Templeton Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/035tnyy05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395448905.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395448905.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567092208","https://openalex.org/W1966894658","https://openalex.org/W1970298630","https://openalex.org/W1975680834","https://openalex.org/W1981706854","https://openalex.org/W1987775800","https://openalex.org/W1996254446","https://openalex.org/W2002000135","https://openalex.org/W2005049448","https://openalex.org/W2006469409","https://openalex.org/W2008783805","https://openalex.org/W2010340556","https://openalex.org/W2028798910","https://openalex.org/W2056700716","https://openalex.org/W2059433670","https://openalex.org/W2063832007","https://openalex.org/W2065245475","https://openalex.org/W2069138748","https://openalex.org/W2072789600","https://openalex.org/W2077149819","https://openalex.org/W2084116113","https://openalex.org/W2096220157","https://openalex.org/W2096558967","https://openalex.org/W2111202739","https://openalex.org/W2115688690","https://openalex.org/W2120212072","https://openalex.org/W2122801036","https://openalex.org/W2126880773","https://openalex.org/W2128152674","https://openalex.org/W2135479081","https://openalex.org/W2144951766","https://openalex.org/W2147231083","https://openalex.org/W2147335186","https://openalex.org/W2151196108","https://openalex.org/W2157592153","https://openalex.org/W2159558768","https://openalex.org/W2162188269","https://openalex.org/W2162974234","https://openalex.org/W2179170999","https://openalex.org/W2340888941","https://openalex.org/W2380731104","https://openalex.org/W2541895270","https://openalex.org/W2766185881","https://openalex.org/W2810141651","https://openalex.org/W2900993709","https://openalex.org/W2948846449","https://openalex.org/W2953300823","https://openalex.org/W2990130678","https://openalex.org/W3043060660","https://openalex.org/W3099343795","https://openalex.org/W3170813319","https://openalex.org/W3170900618","https://openalex.org/W4214907476","https://openalex.org/W4232964083","https://openalex.org/W4241227603","https://openalex.org/W4242079678","https://openalex.org/W4242412974","https://openalex.org/W4243073981","https://openalex.org/W4245498445","https://openalex.org/W4248343814","https://openalex.org/W4301347335","https://openalex.org/W4390245840"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056431439","https://openalex.org/W2329164258","https://openalex.org/W2110701497","https://openalex.org/W4206908931","https://openalex.org/W2924624619","https://openalex.org/W2171620274","https://openalex.org/W2778282313","https://openalex.org/W4200618928","https://openalex.org/W2074831711","https://openalex.org/W2968075498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reputations":[0],"can":[1,46,52,65,121,214],"foster":[2],"cooperation":[3,24,198,238,248],"by":[4,93],"indirect":[5],"reciprocity:":[6],"if":[7],"I":[8],"am":[9],"good":[10,17,36,115],"to":[11,18,81,125,150,180,200],"you":[12],"then":[13],"others":[14],"will":[15],"be":[16],"me.":[19],"But":[20],"this":[21,135,159],"mechanism":[22],"for":[23,164],"in":[25,42,103,117,144,189,203,231,239,252],"one-shot":[26],"interactions":[27],"only":[28],"works":[29],"when":[30,183],"people":[31,116],"agree":[32],"on":[33],"who":[34,38],"is":[35,39,131],"and":[37,61,69,75,105,107,162,173],"bad.":[40],"Errors":[41],"actions":[43],"or":[44,128,155,228],"assessments":[45],"produce":[47],"disagreements":[48],"about":[49,84,111,234],"reputations,":[50,152],"which":[51,145],"unravel":[53],"the":[54,99,112,118,181,204,207,224,235,240],"positive":[55],"feedback":[56],"loop":[57],"between":[58],"social":[59,166],"standing":[60],"pro-social":[62],"behaviour.":[63],"Cooperators":[64],"end":[66],"up":[67],"punished":[68],"defectors":[70],"rewarded.":[71],"Public":[72],"reputation":[73],"systems":[74],"empathy":[76],"are":[77],"two":[78],"possible":[79],"mechanisms":[80],"promote":[82,215,255],"agreement":[83],"reputations.":[85,191],"Here":[86],"we":[87,137,222],"suggest":[88],"an":[89,139],"alternative:":[90],"Bayesian":[91,123,148,195,212],"reasoning":[92,124,149,188,196,213],"observers.":[94],"By":[95],"taking":[96],"into":[97],"account":[98],"probabilities":[100],"of":[101,114,206,217,226,237],"errors":[102],"action":[104],"observation":[106],"their":[108],"prior":[109],"beliefs":[110,233],"prevalence":[113],"population,":[119],"observers":[120],"use":[122,147,187],"determine":[126],"whether":[127],"not":[129,186],"someone":[130],"good.":[132],"To":[133],"study":[134,223],"scenario,":[136],"develop":[138],"evolutionary":[140],"game":[141],"theoretical":[142],"model":[143,160],"players":[146],"assess":[151],"either":[153],"publicly":[154],"privately.":[156],"We":[157,176,192,242],"explore":[158],"analytically":[161],"numerically":[163],"five":[165],"norms":[167],"(Scoring,":[168],"Shunning,":[169],"Simple":[170],"Standing,":[171],"Staying,":[172],"Stern":[174],"Judging).":[175],"systematically":[177],"compare":[178],"results":[179],"case":[182,205],"agents":[184],"do":[185],"determining":[190],"find":[193,243],"that":[194,244],"reduces":[197],"relative":[199],"non-reasoning,":[201],"except":[202],"Scoring":[208],"norm.":[209],"Under":[210],"Scoring,":[211],"coexistence":[216],"three":[218],"strategic":[219],"types.":[220],"Additionally,":[221],"effects":[225],"optimistic":[227],"pessimistic":[229],"biases":[230],"individual":[232],"degree":[236],"population.":[241],"optimism":[245],"generally":[246],"undermines":[247],"whereas":[249],"pessimism":[250],"can,":[251],"some":[253],"cases,":[254],"cooperation.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
