{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295037897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010466","title":"Patterns of asymmetry and energy cost generated from predictive simulations of hemiparetic gait","display_name":"Patterns of asymmetry and energy cost generated from predictive simulations of hemiparetic gait","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295037897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010466","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36084139"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010466","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081557645","display_name":"Russell T. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3026-6307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Russell T. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3026-6307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050719511","display_name":"Nicholas A. Bianco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2229-4065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas A. Bianco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2229-4065","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067590269","display_name":"James M. Finley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2679-2221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James M. Finley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America","Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America","Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2679-2221","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081557645"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":5.6404,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97240863,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"9","first_page":"e1010466","last_page":"e1010466"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemiparesis","display_name":"Hemiparesis","score":0.8326724767684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.7359808683395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isometric-exercise","display_name":"Isometric exercise","score":0.6868557929992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.6386559009552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-weakness","display_name":"Muscle weakness","score":0.5806374549865723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-cost","display_name":"Metabolic cost","score":0.5447198152542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weakness","display_name":"Weakness","score":0.5269376039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymmetry","display_name":"Asymmetry","score":0.5050433278083801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preferred-walking-speed","display_name":"Preferred walking speed","score":0.43533623218536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41746002435684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2856711745262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.26044219732284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.178147554397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.11902269721031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.07110956311225891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776882386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2291130","display_name":"Hemiparesis","level":3,"score":0.8326724767684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.7359808683395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103486182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1216236","display_name":"Isometric exercise","level":2,"score":0.6868557929992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.6386559009552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776418732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270421","display_name":"Muscle weakness","level":2,"score":0.5806374549865723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991809073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240673","display_name":"Metabolic cost","level":2,"score":0.5447198152542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780247198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633403","display_name":"Weakness","level":2,"score":0.5269376039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38976095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752641","display_name":"Asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.5050433278083801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70770792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239848","display_name":"Preferred walking speed","level":2,"score":0.43533623218536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41746002435684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2856711745262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.26044219732284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.178147554397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.11902269721031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.07110956311225891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781156865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827023","display_name":"Lesion","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010291","descriptor_name":"Paresis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010291","descriptor_name":"Paresis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010291","descriptor_name":"Paresis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36084139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36084139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pcbi00:1010466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7c39a4bffab644e2a7aa62583df64b87","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7c39a4bffab644e2a7aa62583df64b87","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 18, Iss 9, p e1010466 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9491609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9491609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1998401563","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIH NCMRR R01HD091184","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338296","funder_display_name":"National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338296","display_name":"National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483831380","https://openalex.org/W1585532202","https://openalex.org/W1966230003","https://openalex.org/W1967468065","https://openalex.org/W1971122356","https://openalex.org/W1972880290","https://openalex.org/W1981601866","https://openalex.org/W1988074555","https://openalex.org/W1991396150","https://openalex.org/W1993098424","https://openalex.org/W2000551076","https://openalex.org/W2001397804","https://openalex.org/W2001459300","https://openalex.org/W2006416917","https://openalex.org/W2006871473","https://openalex.org/W2010542681","https://openalex.org/W2014745062","https://openalex.org/W2016354574","https://openalex.org/W2017031337","https://openalex.org/W2021121426","https://openalex.org/W2021574739","https://openalex.org/W2024429553","https://openalex.org/W2026375722","https://openalex.org/W2026736881","https://openalex.org/W2033299989","https://openalex.org/W2036407851","https://openalex.org/W2040404214","https://openalex.org/W2044537498","https://openalex.org/W2057938256","https://openalex.org/W2061146189","https://openalex.org/W2064378669","https://openalex.org/W2076076958","https://openalex.org/W2079441317","https://openalex.org/W2092391646","https://openalex.org/W2095858841","https://openalex.org/W2101437810","https://openalex.org/W2102138068","https://openalex.org/W2105821531","https://openalex.org/W2116531629","https://openalex.org/W2116951991","https://openalex.org/W2118942146","https://openalex.org/W2123871098","https://openalex.org/W2127733921","https://openalex.org/W2132946026","https://openalex.org/W2141134365","https://openalex.org/W2141722132","https://openalex.org/W2158815215","https://openalex.org/W2161811781","https://openalex.org/W2171582955","https://openalex.org/W2207434458","https://openalex.org/W2293678775","https://openalex.org/W2307717697","https://openalex.org/W2327569309","https://openalex.org/W2474297627","https://openalex.org/W2538751715","https://openalex.org/W2604940191","https://openalex.org/W2743917167","https://openalex.org/W2767845125","https://openalex.org/W2802002915","https://openalex.org/W2808873284","https://openalex.org/W2809366744","https://openalex.org/W2827289450","https://openalex.org/W2884696611","https://openalex.org/W2950454427","https://openalex.org/W2950944357","https://openalex.org/W2954346924","https://openalex.org/W2969543767","https://openalex.org/W2974081075","https://openalex.org/W2979118233","https://openalex.org/W2980529810","https://openalex.org/W3033864721","https://openalex.org/W3047579374","https://openalex.org/W3080375591","https://openalex.org/W3093433246","https://openalex.org/W3106257717","https://openalex.org/W3111410611","https://openalex.org/W3117262374","https://openalex.org/W3134600007","https://openalex.org/W3158399006","https://openalex.org/W3164135761","https://openalex.org/W3169057881","https://openalex.org/W3192627320","https://openalex.org/W4220881892"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W19676612","https://openalex.org/W117204236","https://openalex.org/W829318737","https://openalex.org/W2121842283","https://openalex.org/W3206441356","https://openalex.org/W753076353","https://openalex.org/W2005430682","https://openalex.org/W2125641719","https://openalex.org/W2012845046","https://openalex.org/W4295183078"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hemiparesis,":[0],"defined":[1],"as":[2,28],"unilateral":[3],"muscle":[4,75,100,123],"weakness,":[5],"often":[6,30],"occurs":[7],"in":[8,138,141,205,218,222,263,296],"people":[9,12,206,236],"post-stroke":[10],"or":[11],"with":[13,207,237],"cerebral":[14],"palsy,":[15],"however":[16],"it":[17,29],"is":[18,77],"difficult":[19],"to":[20,45,62,69,130,213],"understand":[21],"how":[22,47,81],"this":[23],"hemiparesis":[24,193],"affects":[25,85],"movement":[26],"patterns":[27,294],"presents":[31,42],"alongside":[32],"a":[33,53,90,112,197,287],"variety":[34],"of":[35,109,114,120,152,164,199,242,247,259,276,291],"other":[36,277],"neuromuscular":[37,278],"impairments.":[38],"Predictive":[39],"musculoskeletal":[40,92],"modeling":[41],"an":[43,139],"opportunity":[44],"investigate":[46],"impairments":[48,279],"affect":[49],"gait":[50,160,202,282,293],"performance":[51],"assuming":[52],"particular":[54],"cost":[55,71,211],"function.":[56],"Here,":[57],"we":[58,126],"use":[59],"predictive":[60],"simulation":[61],"quantify":[63],"the":[64,97,118,121,148,159,167,174,185,200,210,240,245,255,264,274,292],"spatiotemporal":[65,83,134,154,215,230,250,260],"asymmetries":[66,155,261],"and":[67,80,150,162,176,187,244,284],"changes":[68],"metabolic":[70,86,142,223],"that":[72,147,192,229],"emerge":[73],"when":[74],"strength":[76],"unilaterally":[78],"reduced":[79],"reducing":[82,96,133],"symmetry":[84],"cost.":[87,143,224],"We":[88,103],"modified":[89],"2-D":[91],"model":[93],"by":[94,116,272],"uniformly":[95],"peak":[98],"isometric":[99],"force":[101],"unilaterally.":[102],"then":[104],"solved":[105],"optimal":[106,168,234,281],"control":[107],"simulations":[108],"walking":[110],"across":[111],"range":[113],"speeds":[115],"minimizing":[117],"sum":[119],"cubed":[122],"excitations.":[124],"Lastly,":[125],"ran":[127],"additional":[128],"optimizations":[129],"test":[131],"if":[132],"asymmetry":[135,216,231,251],"would":[136],"result":[137],"increase":[140],"Our":[144],"results":[145,227,271],"showed":[146],"magnitude":[149],"direction":[151],"effort-optimal":[153],"depends":[156],"on":[157,249,280],"both":[158],"speed":[161,169,203,243],"level":[163,246],"weakness.":[165],"Also,":[166],"was":[170],"1.25":[171],"m/s":[172],"for":[173,184,196,235],"symmetrical":[175],"20%":[177],"weakness":[178,189,248],"models":[179],"but":[180],"slower":[181,201],"(1.00":[182],"m/s)":[183],"40%":[186],"60%":[188],"models,":[190],"suggesting":[191],"can":[194],"account":[195],"portion":[198],"seen":[204],"hemiparesis.":[208,238],"Modifying":[209],"function":[212],"minimize":[214],"resulted":[217],"small":[219],"increases":[220],"(~4%)":[221],"Overall,":[225],"our":[226,270],"indicate":[228],"may":[232,252],"be":[233],"Additionally,":[239],"effect":[241],"help":[253],"explain":[254],"well-known":[256],"heterogenous":[257],"distribution":[258],"observed":[262,295],"clinic.":[265],"Future":[266],"work":[267],"could":[268],"extend":[269],"testing":[273],"effects":[275],"strategies,":[283],"therefore":[285],"build":[286],"more":[288],"comprehensive":[289],"understanding":[290],"clinical":[297],"populations.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}