{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294073917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010434","title":"Estimation of heterogeneous instantaneous reproduction numbers with application to characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Massachusetts counties","display_name":"Estimation of heterogeneous instantaneous reproduction numbers with application to characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Massachusetts counties","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294073917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010434","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36048890"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010434","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010434&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010434&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030605750","display_name":"Zhenwei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9424-7826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenwei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9424-7826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022485637","display_name":"Eric D. Kolaczyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3376-626X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric D. Kolaczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3376-626X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004524783","display_name":"Robin N. Thompson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8545-5212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robin N. Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics Institute and SBIDER, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8545-5212","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics Institute and SBIDER, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078526061","display_name":"Laura F. White","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0588-8235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laura F. White","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0588-8235","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030605750","https://openalex.org/A5078526061"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":0.548,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59954008,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"9","first_page":"e1010434","last_page":"e1010434"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6199769377708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basic-reproduction-number","display_name":"Basic reproduction number","score":0.5933651328086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.5926483869552612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5812557339668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.5166578888893127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.4667159914970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.4605068564414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4480403959751129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3380754292011261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2509104609489441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.21195712685585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.1769622564315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09628641605377197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6199769377708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204264503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901464","display_name":"Basic reproduction number","level":3,"score":0.5933651328086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5926483869552612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5812557339668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5166578888893127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.4667159914970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.4605068564414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4480403959751129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3380754292011261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2509104609489441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.21195712685585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.1769622564315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09628641605377197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003141","descriptor_name":"Communicable Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003141","descriptor_name":"Communicable Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003141","descriptor_name":"Communicable Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003141","descriptor_name":"Communicable Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003141","descriptor_name":"Communicable Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012098","descriptor_name":"Reproduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012098","descriptor_name":"Reproduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012098","descriptor_name":"Reproduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012098","descriptor_name":"Reproduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012098","descriptor_name":"Reproduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010434","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010434&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36048890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36048890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:wrap.warwick.ac.uk:169366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/169366/1/WRAP-Estimation-of-heterogeneous-instantaneous-reproduction-numbers-with-application-to-characterize-SARS-CoV-2-transmission-in-Massachusetts-counties-Thompson-2022.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400665","display_name":"Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","host_organization_name":"University of Warwick","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a194b33ced144554a9ef35a685b26b41","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a194b33ced144554a9ef35a685b26b41","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 18, Iss 9, p e1010434 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9473631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9473631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010434","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010434&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4901810250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R35 GM141821","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8514617898","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R35GM141821","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294073917.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294073917.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999223777","https://openalex.org/W2097446414","https://openalex.org/W2102187991","https://openalex.org/W2118726788","https://openalex.org/W2137333863","https://openalex.org/W2159301256","https://openalex.org/W2971072970","https://openalex.org/W3008167746","https://openalex.org/W3019258561","https://openalex.org/W3026427469","https://openalex.org/W3029756051","https://openalex.org/W3031533743","https://openalex.org/W3048874187","https://openalex.org/W3081248760","https://openalex.org/W3101430345","https://openalex.org/W3107976532","https://openalex.org/W3109998099","https://openalex.org/W3115267462","https://openalex.org/W3125539221","https://openalex.org/W3153779486","https://openalex.org/W3180050536","https://openalex.org/W4225417753","https://openalex.org/W4291448064"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388311650","https://openalex.org/W5922282","https://openalex.org/W1974056099","https://openalex.org/W4245343541","https://openalex.org/W2386077341","https://openalex.org/W563589758","https://openalex.org/W62490179","https://openalex.org/W2954004777","https://openalex.org/W2951102138","https://openalex.org/W1568403290"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,19,105],"reproductive":[1,22,67,103,128,161,185,218,231,265,293],"number":[2,23,266],"is":[3,24,84,170,282],"an":[4],"important":[5,283],"metric":[6],"that":[7,92,159,220,278],"has":[8],"been":[9],"widely":[10],"used":[11,133,254],"to":[12,34,59,125,134,142,181,234,255,284],"quantify":[13],"the":[14,28,117,127,138,149,183,200,244,289,292],"infectiousness":[15],"of":[16,31,43,65,74,82,116,119,187,217,229,291],"communicable":[17],"diseases.":[18],"time-varying":[20,78],"instantaneous":[21,102,184,264],"useful":[25],"for":[26,38,46,55,71,99,110,189,211,243,261,286],"monitoring":[27],"real-time":[29],"dynamics":[30],"a":[32,49,89,144,154],"disease":[33,39],"inform":[35,143],"policy":[36],"making":[37],"control.":[40],"Local":[41],"estimation":[42,64,228,290],"this":[44,179,287],"metric,":[45],"instance":[47],"at":[48],"county":[50,241],"or":[51],"city":[52],"level,":[53],"allows":[54],"more":[56,271],"targeted":[57],"interventions":[58],"curb":[60],"transmission.":[61],"However,":[62],"simultaneous":[63],"local":[66],"numbers":[68,162,186,219,232],"must":[69],"account":[70,109,285],"potential":[72],"sources":[73],"heterogeneity":[75,258],"in":[76,137,148,192,240,259,276,288],"these":[77],"quantities-a":[79],"key":[80],"element":[81],"which":[83],"human":[85,94,168,201],"mobility.":[86],"We":[87,121,177,207],"develop":[88],"statistical":[90],"method":[91,214],"incorporates":[93],"mobility":[95,131,169,202],"between":[96],"multiple":[97],"regions":[98,118],"estimating":[100],"region-specific":[101,160],"numbers.":[104],"model":[106],"also":[107,252],"can":[108,163,251],"exogenous":[111],"cases":[112],"imported":[113],"from":[114],"outside":[115],"interest.":[120],"propose":[122],"two":[123],"approaches":[124,250],"estimate":[126,182,256],"numbers,":[129],"with":[130],"data":[132,198,203],"adjust":[135],"incidence":[136],"first":[139],"approach":[140,180],"and":[141,199,273],"formal":[145],"priori":[146],"distribution":[147],"second":[150],"(Bayesian)":[151],"approach.":[152],"Through":[153],"simulation":[155],"study,":[156],"we":[157],"show":[158],"be":[164,253],"well":[165,172],"estimated":[166],"if":[167],"reasonably":[171],"approximated":[173],"by":[174,205],"available":[175],"data.":[176],"use":[178],"COVID-19":[188],"14":[190],"counties":[191],"Massachusetts":[193],"using":[194],"CDC":[195],"case":[196],"report":[197],"collected":[204],"SafeGraph.":[206],"found":[208],"that,":[209],"accounting":[210],"mobility,":[212],"our":[213],"produces":[215],"estimates":[216],"are":[221,246,270],"distinct":[222],"across":[223],"counties.":[224],"In":[225],"contrast,":[226],"independent":[227],"county-level":[230],"tends":[233],"produce":[235],"similar":[236],"values,":[237],"as":[238],"trends":[239],"case-counts":[242],"state":[245],"fairly":[247],"concordant.":[248],"These":[249],"any":[257],"transmission,":[260,280],"instance,":[262],"age-dependent":[263],"estimates.":[267],"As":[268],"people":[269],"mobile":[272],"interact":[274],"frequently":[275],"ways":[277],"permit":[279],"it":[281],"number.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
