{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289994824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009393","title":"Signal neutrality, scalar property, and collapsing boundaries as consequences of a learned multi-timescale strategy","display_name":"Signal neutrality, scalar property, and collapsing boundaries as consequences of a learned multi-timescale strategy","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289994824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009393","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35930590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009393","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009393&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009393&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067855547","display_name":"Luca Manneschi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0125-1325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luca Manneschi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0125-1325","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023438102","display_name":"Guido Gigante","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27897274","display_name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0","ror":"https://ror.org/02hssy432","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27897274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157426","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I","ror":"https://ror.org/05eva6s33","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210157426"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guido Gigante","raw_affiliation_strings":["INFN, Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy","Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1899-4579","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INFN, Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157426"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27897274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030069824","display_name":"Eleni Vasilaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3705-7070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12708293","display_name":"SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics","ror":"https://ror.org/002n09z45","country_code":"CH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["CH","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleni Vasilaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom","Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3705-7070","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12708293","https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041660826","display_name":"Paolo Del Giudice","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-8241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27897274","display_name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0","ror":"https://ror.org/02hssy432","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27897274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157426","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I","ror":"https://ror.org/05eva6s33","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210157426"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Del Giudice","raw_affiliation_strings":["INFN, Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy","Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INFN, Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157426"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27897274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067855547"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":0.1177,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42134876,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"8","first_page":"e1009393","last_page":"e1009393"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11513","display_name":"stochastic dynamics and bifurcation","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrality","display_name":"Neutrality","score":0.7009495496749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.590876042842865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5675490498542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.5554907917976379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5494911670684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5390138030052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5038625597953796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalar","display_name":"Scalar (mathematics)","score":0.5006570816040039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.4878949820995331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.42478200793266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4121941328048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3859426975250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.35634058713912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24967175722122192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19973644614219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.12408119440078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.11173272132873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.08030590415000916}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9049677","display_name":"Neutrality","level":2,"score":0.7009495496749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.590876042842865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5675490498542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.5554907917976379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5494911670684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5390138030052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5038625597953796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57691317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289248","display_name":"Scalar (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5006570816040039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.4878949820995331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.42478200793266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4121941328048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3859426975250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.35634058713912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24967175722122192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19973644614219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.12408119440078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.11173272132873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.08030590415000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012201","descriptor_name":"Reward","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012201","descriptor_name":"Reward","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012201","descriptor_name":"Reward","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009393","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009393&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35930590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35930590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2449ac7e3d5d4d33ab632756080c374f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2449ac7e3d5d4d33ab632756080c374f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 18, Iss 8, p e1009393 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9462745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9462745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009393","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009393&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1169224162","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"945539","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1362734785","display_name":"Magnetic Architectures for Reservoir Computing Hardware (MARCH)","funder_award_id":"EP/V006339/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2489726015","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P006094/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3149985778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"785907","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4651772902","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V006339/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5378316246","display_name":"Brains on Board: Neuromorphic Control of Flying Robots","funder_award_id":"EP/P006094/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5766349579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"785907","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6050142341","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V055720/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6196815449","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SGA3 Grant agreement No. 945539","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","funder_display_name":"H2020 European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7049102709","display_name":"CausalXRL: Causal eXplanations in Reinforcement Learning","funder_award_id":"EP/V055720/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7691883377","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SGA2 Grant agreement No. 785907","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","funder_display_name":"H2020 European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8356181873","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S030964/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8767435255","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"945539","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8911289827","display_name":"ActiveAI - active learning and selective attention for robust, transparent and efficient AI","funder_award_id":"EP/S030964/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309327","display_name":"Google","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317153","display_name":"DeepMind","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","display_name":"H2020 European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289994824.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289994824.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W1571043881","https://openalex.org/W1876610172","https://openalex.org/W1987728722","https://openalex.org/W1989388297","https://openalex.org/W1991432474","https://openalex.org/W1999331178","https://openalex.org/W2001498147","https://openalex.org/W2002935439","https://openalex.org/W2006312249","https://openalex.org/W2009708711","https://openalex.org/W2012037220","https://openalex.org/W2034375586","https://openalex.org/W2040414277","https://openalex.org/W2041952945","https://openalex.org/W2045833919","https://openalex.org/W2050741203","https://openalex.org/W2050903205","https://openalex.org/W2059511681","https://openalex.org/W2062322739","https://openalex.org/W2063716754","https://openalex.org/W2066931620","https://openalex.org/W2081364575","https://openalex.org/W2085406430","https://openalex.org/W2090808068","https://openalex.org/W2091174247","https://openalex.org/W2098205603","https://openalex.org/W2098356979","https://openalex.org/W2113345172","https://openalex.org/W2116533103","https://openalex.org/W2122066429","https://openalex.org/W2128362727","https://openalex.org/W2129641119","https://openalex.org/W2136582516","https://openalex.org/W2139630667","https://openalex.org/W2139743247","https://openalex.org/W2139852582","https://openalex.org/W2142572730","https://openalex.org/W2144095870","https://openalex.org/W2148686264","https://openalex.org/W2148916325","https://openalex.org/W2150648562","https://openalex.org/W2158130856","https://openalex.org/W2161304688","https://openalex.org/W2164011442","https://openalex.org/W2165061373","https://openalex.org/W2168648043","https://openalex.org/W2168815228","https://openalex.org/W2169134378","https://openalex.org/W2169519447","https://openalex.org/W2464571272","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2561424158","https://openalex.org/W2783637861","https://openalex.org/W2787520207","https://openalex.org/W2790916085","https://openalex.org/W2956120613","https://openalex.org/W2985506234","https://openalex.org/W2989963295","https://openalex.org/W3015873723","https://openalex.org/W3018745833","https://openalex.org/W3029850365","https://openalex.org/W3118984058","https://openalex.org/W3120556073","https://openalex.org/W3132981808","https://openalex.org/W4205449435","https://openalex.org/W4210324523","https://openalex.org/W4230538848","https://openalex.org/W4243404706","https://openalex.org/W6684829968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2472237388","https://openalex.org/W4211168656","https://openalex.org/W2572059069","https://openalex.org/W2547660074","https://openalex.org/W4241049928","https://openalex.org/W1991323803","https://openalex.org/W2575291552","https://openalex.org/W2336273751","https://openalex.org/W2146564110","https://openalex.org/W2492807369"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,23,135],"postulate":[1],"that":[2,33,137],"three":[3,49],"fundamental":[4],"elements":[5],"underlie":[6],"a":[7,25,37,101],"decision":[8],"making":[9],"process:":[10],"perception":[11,110],"of":[12,71,84,104,111,142,148],"time":[13,99,112],"passing,":[14],"information":[15,155],"processing":[16,156],"in":[17,60,100],"multiple":[18,115,158],"timescales":[19,116],"and":[20,152],"reward":[21],"maximisation.":[22],"build":[24],"simple":[26],"reinforcement":[27],"learning":[28],"agent":[29],"upon":[30],"these":[31],"principles":[32],"we":[34],"train":[35],"on":[36,157],"random":[38],"dot-like":[39],"task.":[40],"Our":[41,126],"results,":[42],"similar":[43],"to":[44,56],"the":[45,57,61,64,69,72,82,85,93,105,109,114,118,123,149],"experimental":[46],"data,":[47],"demonstrate":[48],"emerging":[50],"signatures.":[51,125],"(1)":[52],"signal":[53,58,79,133],"neutrality:":[54],"insensitivity":[55],"coherence":[59],"interval":[62],"preceding":[63],"decision.":[65],"(2)":[66],"Scalar":[67],"property:":[68],"mean":[70],"response":[73],"times":[74],"varies":[75],"widely":[76],"for":[77,132],"different":[78],"coherences,":[80],"yet":[81],"shape":[83],"distributions":[86],"stays":[87],"almost":[88],"unchanged.":[89],"(3)":[90],"Collapsing":[91],"boundaries:":[92],"\"effective\"":[94],"decision-making":[95,150],"boundary":[96],"changes":[97],"over":[98],"manner":[102],"reminiscent":[103],"theoretical":[106],"optimal.":[107],"Removing":[108],"or":[113],"from":[117,154],"model":[119],"does":[120],"not":[121,140],"preserve":[122],"distinguishing":[124],"results":[127],"suggest":[128],"an":[129],"alternative":[130],"explanation":[131],"neutrality.":[134],"propose":[136],"it":[138],"is":[139,146],"part":[141,147],"motor":[143],"planning.":[144],"It":[145],"process":[151],"emerges":[153],"timescales.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}