{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197766849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009374","title":"Using test positivity and reported case rates to estimate state-level COVID-19 prevalence and seroprevalence in the United States","display_name":"Using test positivity and reported case rates to estimate state-level COVID-19 prevalence and seroprevalence in the United States","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197766849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009374","mag":"3197766849","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34491990"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009374","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009374&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009374&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080621867","display_name":"Weihsueh A. Chiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7575-2368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihsueh A. Chiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7575-2368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016108843","display_name":"Martial L. Ndeffo-Mbah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-7613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martial L. Ndeffo-Mbah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America","Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-7613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016108843"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":3.2854,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92919261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"9","first_page":"e1009374","last_page":"e1009374"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seroprevalence","display_name":"Seroprevalence","score":0.9391979575157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.6177580952644348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidemiology","display_name":"Epidemiology","score":0.6019258499145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.587651252746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.5208749771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5138921737670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credible-interval","display_name":"Credible interval","score":0.4580084979534149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.4506417512893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.4327424168586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health","display_name":"Public health","score":0.42465662956237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"Environmental health","score":0.2786870002746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21785202622413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.08401456475257874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology","display_name":"Immunology","score":0.06956249475479126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778494684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511357","display_name":"Seroprevalence","level":4,"score":0.9391979575157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.6177580952644348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.6019258499145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.587651252746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5208749771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5138921737670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121117317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4439221","display_name":"Credible interval","level":3,"score":0.4580084979534149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.4506417512893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4327424168586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.42465662956237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2786870002746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21785202622413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.08401456475257874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.06956249475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45189115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502159","display_name":"Serology","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086742","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Testing","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086742","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Testing","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086742","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Testing","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000914","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000914","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000914","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008403","descriptor_name":"Mass Screening","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008403","descriptor_name":"Mass Screening","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008403","descriptor_name":"Mass Screening","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016036","descriptor_name":"Seroepidemiologic Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016036","descriptor_name":"Seroepidemiologic Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016036","descriptor_name":"Seroepidemiologic Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009374","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009374&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34491990","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34491990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cb6def67898e47a0b387ddec73718e54","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cb6def67898e47a0b387ddec73718e54","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 17, Iss 9, p e1009374 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7340470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8448371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8448371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8448371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009374","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009374&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2456949229","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSF DEB RAPID 2028632","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2833820601","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P30 ES029067","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5514976981","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COVID-19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197766849.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197766849.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093223772","https://openalex.org/W2148534890","https://openalex.org/W2998840182","https://openalex.org/W3020453958","https://openalex.org/W3023358878","https://openalex.org/W3032971139","https://openalex.org/W3035551180","https://openalex.org/W3043339435","https://openalex.org/W3043457217","https://openalex.org/W3045243891","https://openalex.org/W3084370551","https://openalex.org/W3086676458","https://openalex.org/W3087321968","https://openalex.org/W3089010823","https://openalex.org/W3092141723","https://openalex.org/W3098969151","https://openalex.org/W3106603260","https://openalex.org/W3108096807","https://openalex.org/W3110046534","https://openalex.org/W3117021508","https://openalex.org/W3118415492","https://openalex.org/W3118984494","https://openalex.org/W3135422685","https://openalex.org/W3159204555","https://openalex.org/W3179560222","https://openalex.org/W4243624795","https://openalex.org/W4249731213","https://openalex.org/W4251603332","https://openalex.org/W4321497420","https://openalex.org/W6787737893"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016667107","https://openalex.org/W3217628675","https://openalex.org/W1974943484","https://openalex.org/W4221078923","https://openalex.org/W4396837088","https://openalex.org/W4225113063","https://openalex.org/W2113937888","https://openalex.org/W2137057190","https://openalex.org/W1590833474","https://openalex.org/W815983070"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"estimates":[1,139],"of":[2,25,71,104,118,140,154,163,172,215,220],"infection":[3],"prevalence":[4,68,103,162,178,229],"and":[5,11,16,44,47,63,69,77,86,93,122,169,192,223,230],"seroprevalence":[6,70,91,132,171,193,231],"are":[7,42,51],"essential":[8],"for":[9],"evaluating":[10],"informing":[12],"public":[13,238],"health":[14,239],"responses":[15],"vaccination":[17],"coverage":[18],"needed":[19],"to":[20,65,85,110,146,186,200,211,226,236,244],"address":[21],"the":[22,119,123,136,234,245],"ongoing":[23,246],"spread":[24],"COVID-19":[26,72,106,228,247],"in":[27,184,190,198,204],"each":[28],"United":[29],"States":[30],"(U.S.)":[31],"state.":[32],"However,":[33],"reliable,":[34],"timely":[35],"data":[36,133],"based":[37],"on":[38],"representative":[39],"population":[40],"sampling":[41],"unavailable,":[43],"reported":[45,75,124,208],"case":[46,125],"test":[48,78],"positivity":[49,79,120],"rates":[50],"highly":[52],"biased.":[53],"A":[54],"simple":[55,222],"data-driven":[56,99,150],"Bayesian":[57],"semi-empirical":[58,142],"modeling":[59],"framework":[60],"was":[61,83],"developed":[62],"used":[64],"evaluate":[66],"state-level":[67,131,177],"using":[73,88],"daily":[74],"cases":[76,209],"ratios.":[80],"The":[81,102,218],"model":[82,128,143],"calibrated":[84],"validated":[87],"published":[89],"state-wide":[90],"data,":[92],"further":[94],"compared":[95],"against":[96],"two":[97,149],"independent":[98],"mathematical":[100],"models.":[101,152],"undiagnosed":[105],"infections":[107],"is":[108],"found":[109],"be":[111],"well-approximated":[112],"by":[113],"a":[114,161,170],"geometrically":[115],"weighted":[116],"average":[117],"rate":[121],"rate.":[126],"Our":[127],"accurately":[129],"fits":[130],"from":[134,148,180,194],"across":[135],"U.S.":[137],"Prevalence":[138],"our":[141],"compare":[144],"favorably":[145],"those":[147],"epidemiological":[151],"As":[153],"December":[155],"31,":[156],"2020,":[157],"we":[158],"estimate":[159],"nation-wide":[160],"1.4%":[164],"[Credible":[165],"Interval":[166],"(CrI):":[167],"1.0%-1.9%]":[168],"13.2%":[173],"[CrI:":[174,182,188,196,202],"12.3%-14.2%],":[175],"with":[176],"ranging":[179],"0.2%":[181],"0.1%-0.3%]":[183],"Hawaii":[185],"2.8%":[187],"1.8%-4.1%]":[189],"Tennessee,":[191],"1.5%":[195],"1.2%-2.0%]":[197],"Vermont":[199],"23%":[201],"20%-28%]":[203],"New":[205],"York.":[206],"Cumulatively,":[207],"correspond":[210],"only":[212],"one":[213],"third":[214],"actual":[216],"infections.":[217],"use":[219],"this":[221],"easy-to-communicate":[224],"approach":[225],"estimating":[227],"will":[232],"improve":[233],"ability":[235],"make":[237],"decisions":[240],"that":[241],"effectively":[242],"respond":[243],"pandemic.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
