{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3166686239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009028","title":"Learning divisive normalization in primary visual cortex","display_name":"Learning divisive normalization in primary visual cortex","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3166686239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009028","mag":"3166686239","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34097695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009028","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009028&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009028&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052151101","display_name":"Max F. Burg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4402-4373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133934","display_name":"Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03kfnwp54","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092532","https://openalex.org/I4210133934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Max F. Burg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","Institute for Theoretical Physics and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","Institute of Computer Science and Campus Institute Data Science, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4402-4373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133934"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Theoretical Physics and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133934","https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Campus Institute Data Science, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077061252","display_name":"Santiago A. Cadena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-4443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133934","display_name":"Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03kfnwp54","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092532","https://openalex.org/I4210133934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santiago A. Cadena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America","Institute for Theoretical Physics and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-4443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133934"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Theoretical Physics and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133934","https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021706641","display_name":"George H. Denfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3699-3828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George H. Denfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America","Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3699-3828","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047856807","display_name":"Edgar Y. Walker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0057-957X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edgar Y. Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America","Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0057-957X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054637446","display_name":"Andreas S. Tolias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4305-6376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133934","display_name":"Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03kfnwp54","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092532","https://openalex.org/I4210133934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas S. Tolias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America","Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4305-6376","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133934"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061457780","display_name":"Matthias Bethge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6417-7812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133934","display_name":"Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03kfnwp54","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092532","https://openalex.org/I4210133934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Bethge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America","Institute for Theoretical Physics and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133934"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Theoretical Physics and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133934","https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050113685","display_name":"Alexander S. Ecker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2392-5105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088711","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/0087djs12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210088711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander S. Ecker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science and Campus Institute Data Science, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Campus Institute Data Science, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052151101"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133934","https://openalex.org/I74656192","https://openalex.org/I8087733"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2622,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2827},"fwci":3.5813,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93854422,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"6","first_page":"e1009028","last_page":"e1009028"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-cortex","display_name":"Visual cortex","score":0.8068541288375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receptive-field","display_name":"Receptive field","score":0.7767895460128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.7627967596054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6825869679450989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6295052766799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5718128085136414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5577239394187927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.4631793797016144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macaque","display_name":"Macaque","score":0.4556546211242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-model","display_name":"Computational model","score":0.4427393078804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lateral-geniculate-nucleus","display_name":"Lateral geniculate nucleus","score":0.4392547011375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42975351214408875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-processing","display_name":"Visual processing","score":0.41220155358314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.3305387496948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1392473578453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.10841631889343262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09880703687667847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75785","display_name":"Visual cortex","level":2,"score":0.8068541288375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19071747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755207","display_name":"Receptive field","level":2,"score":0.7767895460128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7627967596054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6825869679450989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6295052766799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5718128085136414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5577239394187927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4631793797016144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778950215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177601","display_name":"Macaque","level":2,"score":0.4556546211242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.4427393078804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776362945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719179","display_name":"Lateral geniculate nucleus","level":3,"score":0.4392547011375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42975351214408875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778251979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936617","display_name":"Visual processing","level":3,"score":0.41220155358314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3305387496948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1392473578453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.10841631889343262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09880703687667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008253","descriptor_name":"Macaca mulatta","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008253","descriptor_name":"Macaca mulatta","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008253","descriptor_name":"Macaca mulatta","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058067","descriptor_name":"Wavelet Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058067","descriptor_name":"Wavelet Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058067","descriptor_name":"Wavelet Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009028","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009028&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34097695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34097695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pcbi00:1009028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dfa26c35feb347a19ccdb479c8562643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dfa26c35feb347a19ccdb479c8562643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 17, Iss 6, p e1009028 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.goettingen-research-online.de:2/88509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/88509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401634","display_name":"GoeScholar  The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen (Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210122495","host_organization_name":"Asklepios Klinik St. Georg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122495"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8211272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8211272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009028","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009028&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1278695027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP1 EY023176","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1341008233","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EXC 2064/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1423415691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP1 EY023176","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G142580138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F30EY025510","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1824415759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R25 MH086466","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G204888079","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P30 EY002520","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G280854372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EY-002520-37","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2955376837","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D16PC00003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333051","funder_display_name":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3309376413","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP1 OD008301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G373268920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01EY026927","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3904869926","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFB 1456","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4161800100","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N66001-17-C-4002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4262206430","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFB 1233","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4309072661","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 EY026927","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4598877500","display_name":"SFB 1456: Mathematik des Experiments: Die Herausforderung indirekter Messungen in den Naturwissenschaften","funder_award_id":"432680300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G53513784","display_name":"SFB 1233: Robustheit des Sehens  Prinzipien der Inferenz und neuronale Mechanismen","funder_award_id":"276693517","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5415233182","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01IS18039A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5479792815","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32EY00700140","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5517393271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"project number 390727645","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5534580418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FKZ 01IS18039A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6048751762","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EXC 2064/1, project number 390727645","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6396474693","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EY-002520","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7130639067","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EC 479/1-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7147812621","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"479/1-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7479409958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP1-OD008301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7907426250","display_name":"EXC 2064: Maschinelles Lernen: Neue Perspektiven f\u00fcr die Wissenschaft","funder_award_id":"390727645","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8128963897","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EXC 2064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8915364236","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2064/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8931020568","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F30 EY025510","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317967","display_name":"International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327553","display_name":"International Max Planck Research School for Advanced Methods in Process and Systems Engineering","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333051","display_name":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity","ror":"https://ror.org/01v3fsc55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333452","display_name":"Interior Business Center","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3166686239.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3166686239.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109907426","https://openalex.org/W1497878968","https://openalex.org/W1785117108","https://openalex.org/W1844800426","https://openalex.org/W1888779951","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W1983433674","https://openalex.org/W1988013646","https://openalex.org/W1993256372","https://openalex.org/W1997585233","https://openalex.org/W2004900646","https://openalex.org/W2011301426","https://openalex.org/W2016974911","https://openalex.org/W2025539936","https://openalex.org/W2040036684","https://openalex.org/W2046340161","https://openalex.org/W2058616551","https://openalex.org/W2058670155","https://openalex.org/W2061681507","https://openalex.org/W2062906394","https://openalex.org/W2065176644","https://openalex.org/W2070339144","https://openalex.org/W2099468530","https://openalex.org/W2103083704","https://openalex.org/W2106608123","https://openalex.org/W2108992228","https://openalex.org/W2116079555","https://openalex.org/W2116360511","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2122699186","https://openalex.org/W2122723595","https://openalex.org/W2143316745","https://openalex.org/W2146292423","https://openalex.org/W2147583749","https://openalex.org/W2165422719","https://openalex.org/W2169720294","https://openalex.org/W2170319235","https://openalex.org/W2171349814","https://openalex.org/W2176412452","https://openalex.org/W2215103083","https://openalex.org/W2246424376","https://openalex.org/W2271840356","https://openalex.org/W2274251786","https://openalex.org/W2296335794","https://openalex.org/W2323067647","https://openalex.org/W2342249984","https://openalex.org/W2409401394","https://openalex.org/W2471892705","https://openalex.org/W2534873031","https://openalex.org/W2551302722","https://openalex.org/W2552465432","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2736977076","https://openalex.org/W2752579226","https://openalex.org/W2766132499","https://openalex.org/W2796107429","https://openalex.org/W2883012585","https://openalex.org/W2919574227","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2949449018","https://openalex.org/W2952673047","https://openalex.org/W2952741033","https://openalex.org/W2962676454","https://openalex.org/W2963138386","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2986130366","https://openalex.org/W2988313851","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W4213348475","https://openalex.org/W4242605957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040132144","https://openalex.org/W2165182331","https://openalex.org/W46373230","https://openalex.org/W2015557412","https://openalex.org/W1259516899","https://openalex.org/W2071930442","https://openalex.org/W3175777128","https://openalex.org/W2155258764","https://openalex.org/W4233085761","https://openalex.org/W4241713231"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Divisive":[0],"normalization":[1,175],"(DN)":[2],"is":[3,44,84],"a":[4,17,80,109,142,163,184],"prominent":[5],"computational":[6,39],"building":[7],"block":[8],"in":[9,69,98],"the":[10,70,116,146,167,173,188,195,203],"brain":[11,71],"that":[12,42,60,83,193,201],"has":[13],"been":[14],"proposed":[15],"as":[16,219],"canonical":[18],"cortical":[19],"operation.":[20],"Numerous":[21],"experimental":[22],"studies":[23,40],"have":[24],"verified":[25],"its":[26,92],"importance":[27],"for":[28,49],"capturing":[29],"nonlinear":[30,112],"neural":[31,151],"response":[32,113],"properties":[33,114,190],"to":[34,74,86,94,105],"simple,":[35],"artificial":[36],"stimuli,":[37],"and":[38,72,136,140],"suggest":[41],"DN":[43,59,81,160,192],"also":[45],"an":[46],"important":[47],"component":[48],"processing":[50],"natural":[51,106],"stimuli.":[52,76],"However,":[53],"we":[54,78,180,199],"lack":[55],"quantitative":[56],"models":[57],"of":[58,66,123,126,148,166,169,177,191],"are":[61],"directly":[62],"informed":[63],"by":[64,129,211],"measurements":[65],"spiking":[67],"responses":[68],"applicable":[73,85],"arbitrary":[75,87],"Here,":[77],"propose":[79],"model":[82,121,161],"input":[88],"images.":[89],"We":[90],"test":[91],"ability":[93],"predict":[95],"how":[96],"neurons":[97],"macaque":[99],"primary":[100],"visual":[101],"cortex":[102],"(V1)":[103],"respond":[104],"images,":[107],"with":[108,213],"focus":[110],"on":[111],"within":[115,202],"classical":[117],"receptive":[118,204],"field.":[119],"Our":[120],"consists":[122],"one":[124],"layer":[125],"subunits":[127],"followed":[128],"learned":[130,174],"orientation-specific":[131],"DN.":[132],"It":[133],"outperforms":[134],"linear-nonlinear":[135],"wavelet-based":[137],"feature":[138],"representations":[139],"makes":[141],"significant":[143],"step":[144],"towards":[145],"performance":[147],"state-of-the-art":[149],"convolutional":[150],"network":[152],"(CNN)":[153],"models.":[154],"Unlike":[155],"deep":[156],"CNNs,":[157],"our":[158,178],"compact":[159],"offers":[162],"direct":[164],"interpretation":[165],"nature":[168],"normalization.":[170],"By":[171],"inspecting":[172],"pool":[176],"model,":[179],"gained":[181],"insights":[182],"into":[183],"long-standing":[185],"question":[186],"about":[187],"tuning":[189],"update":[194],"current":[196],"textbook":[197],"description:":[198],"found":[200],"field":[205],"oriented":[206],"features":[207,212],"were":[208],"normalized":[209],"preferentially":[210],"similar":[214],"orientation":[215],"rather":[216],"than":[217],"non-specifically":[218],"currently":[220],"assumed.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}