{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134691023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008707","title":"Force variability is mostly not motor noise: Theoretical implications for motor control","display_name":"Force variability is mostly not motor noise: Theoretical implications for motor control","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134691023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008707","mag":"3134691023","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33684099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008707","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008707","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008707&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008707&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054326530","display_name":"Akira Nagamori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4699-1260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akira Nagamori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4699-1260","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078698490","display_name":"Christopher M. Laine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5054-7811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher M. Laine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America","Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5054-7811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075298131","display_name":"Gerald E. Loeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6753-634X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald E. Loeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011153285","display_name":"Francisco J. Valero\u2010Cuevas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2611-7923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francisco J. Valero-Cuevas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America","Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2611-7923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011153285"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":2.2067,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87145354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"e1008707","last_page":"e1008707"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-unit","display_name":"Motor unit","score":0.6839204430580139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-control","display_name":"Motor control","score":0.5868701934814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5053713917732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.43800026178359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.4371614456176758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4239414632320404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-unit-recruitment","display_name":"Motor unit recruitment","score":0.4105617105960846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.34612810611724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34601712226867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.2892383933067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.24564620852470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.17550939321517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.16083413362503052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12482970952987671}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781425072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1889028","display_name":"Motor unit","level":2,"score":0.6839204430580139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137813230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2996165","display_name":"Motor control","level":2,"score":0.5868701934814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5053713917732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.43800026178359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4371614456176758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4239414632320404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173172909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918207","display_name":"Motor unit recruitment","level":3,"score":0.4105617105960846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.34612810611724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34601712226867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.2892383933067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.24564620852470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.17550939321517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16083413362503052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12482970952987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009046","descriptor_name":"Motor Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009046","descriptor_name":"Motor Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009046","descriptor_name":"Motor Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009046","descriptor_name":"Motor Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009119","descriptor_name":"Muscle Contraction","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009119","descriptor_name":"Muscle Contraction","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009119","descriptor_name":"Muscle Contraction","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009119","descriptor_name":"Muscle Contraction","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011999","descriptor_name":"Recruitment, Neurophysiological","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011999","descriptor_name":"Recruitment, Neurophysiological","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011999","descriptor_name":"Recruitment, Neurophysiological","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011999","descriptor_name":"Recruitment, Neurophysiological","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008707","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008707","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008707&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33684099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33684099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b1bb9fdf07e64a198b79afc643ff2c68","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b1bb9fdf07e64a198b79afc643ff2c68","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 17, Iss 3, p e1008707 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7971898","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7971898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008707","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008707","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008707&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1531662088","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21-NS113613","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3531463582","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF1820264","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4503315885","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AR052345","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G481561076","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MR150091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4831300240","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AR050520","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5126117755","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01-AR050520","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5154386903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01-AR052345","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7272147616","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AR052345","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8161162736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AR050520","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/006zn3t30"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3134691023.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3134691023.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":244,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77634116","https://openalex.org/W153503007","https://openalex.org/W165158238","https://openalex.org/W214780916","https://openalex.org/W259397889","https://openalex.org/W289987812","https://openalex.org/W577178711","https://openalex.org/W615559726","https://openalex.org/W622814170","https://openalex.org/W1165846438","https://openalex.org/W1490442168","https://openalex.org/W1505735386","https://openalex.org/W1514261135","https://openalex.org/W1549114171","https://openalex.org/W1590674617","https://openalex.org/W1760402985","https://openalex.org/W1789052197","https://openalex.org/W1809394698","https://openalex.org/W1814966798","https://openalex.org/W1841347178","https://openalex.org/W1853006911","https://openalex.org/W1859519614","https://openalex.org/W1873318633","https://openalex.org/W1883428669","https://openalex.org/W1907162934","https://openalex.org/W1907543087","https://openalex.org/W1956636948","https://openalex.org/W1964979172","https://openalex.org/W1965089743","https://openalex.org/W1970658538","https://openalex.org/W1971044406","https://openalex.org/W1972724582","https://openalex.org/W1973955507","https://openalex.org/W1976945241","https://openalex.org/W1977991947","https://openalex.org/W1978073918","https://openalex.org/W1979194885","https://openalex.org/W1980440818","https://openalex.org/W1981854753","https://openalex.org/W1984518005","https://openalex.org/W1986297358","https://openalex.org/W1986558103","https://openalex.org/W1987536777","https://openalex.org/W1987907186","https://openalex.org/W1989841533","https://openalex.org/W1990087668","https://openalex.org/W1990150770","https://openalex.org/W1991512494","https://openalex.org/W1993266190","https://openalex.org/W1994455838","https://openalex.org/W1995476955","https://openalex.org/W1996919407","https://openalex.org/W1999635151","https://openalex.org/W2001144437","https://openalex.org/W2009096188","https://openalex.org/W2010020692","https://openalex.org/W2010029806","https://openalex.org/W2012882676","https://openalex.org/W2013151332","https://openalex.org/W2017152894","https://openalex.org/W2017707400","https://openalex.org/W2021415476","https://openalex.org/W2021742495","https://openalex.org/W2023309618","https://openalex.org/W2023905681","https://openalex.org/W2025127831","https://openalex.org/W2027120547","https://openalex.org/W2028910468","https://openalex.org/W2029776687","https://openalex.org/W2031451946","https://openalex.org/W2032102300","https://openalex.org/W2032436164","https://openalex.org/W2032681694","https://openalex.org/W2033817519","https://openalex.org/W2035050645","https://openalex.org/W2035055217","https://openalex.org/W2036732048","https://openalex.org/W2036798704","https://openalex.org/W2036986117","https://openalex.org/W2037403002","https://openalex.org/W2038421773","https://openalex.org/W2039037662","https://openalex.org/W2041039565","https://openalex.org/W2042504442","https://openalex.org/W2046231627","https://openalex.org/W2049214134","https://openalex.org/W2052205958","https://openalex.org/W2052258664","https://openalex.org/W2052367388","https://openalex.org/W2052747445","https://openalex.org/W2053638981","https://openalex.org/W2054404435","https://openalex.org/W2054565679","https://openalex.org/W2057101061","https://openalex.org/W2057380384","https://openalex.org/W2059658460","https://openalex.org/W2060158084","https://openalex.org/W2062363695","https://openalex.org/W2063431965","https://openalex.org/W2064784713","https://openalex.org/W2066294849","https://openalex.org/W2067476166","https://openalex.org/W2068390204","https://openalex.org/W2069134696","https://openalex.org/W2070572619","https://openalex.org/W2071442768","https://openalex.org/W2072054888","https://openalex.org/W2074578926","https://openalex.org/W2076136794","https://openalex.org/W2076652847","https://openalex.org/W2076706329","https://openalex.org/W2077853923","https://openalex.org/W2079659544","https://openalex.org/W2080044980","https://openalex.org/W2082779594","https://openalex.org/W2086682418","https://openalex.org/W2087274425","https://openalex.org/W2091496716","https://openalex.org/W2092197838","https://openalex.org/W2092349579","https://openalex.org/W2093600011","https://openalex.org/W2093990877","https://openalex.org/W2094876440","https://openalex.org/W2096110698","https://openalex.org/W2097561123","https://openalex.org/W2098285915","https://openalex.org/W2099271342","https://openalex.org/W2103613081","https://openalex.org/W2106874032","https://openalex.org/W2108193810","https://openalex.org/W2108382630","https://openalex.org/W2110884093","https://openalex.org/W2111809177","https://openalex.org/W2113200940","https://openalex.org/W2113679924","https://openalex.org/W2114342729","https://openalex.org/W2117957810","https://openalex.org/W2120818246","https://openalex.org/W2123135452","https://openalex.org/W2125979878","https://openalex.org/W2127842820","https://openalex.org/W2128048554","https://openalex.org/W2129035465","https://openalex.org/W2130378672","https://openalex.org/W2131215403","https://openalex.org/W2131241611","https://openalex.org/W2133199189","https://openalex.org/W2133355507","https://openalex.org/W2133397121","https://openalex.org/W2133762721","https://openalex.org/W2137240907","https://openalex.org/W2137742659","https://openalex.org/W2139555190","https://openalex.org/W2140686881","https://openalex.org/W2141936938","https://openalex.org/W2142416079","https://openalex.org/W2142648872","https://openalex.org/W2145032754","https://openalex.org/W2145460573","https://openalex.org/W2148849421","https://openalex.org/W2149373430","https://openalex.org/W2154435374","https://openalex.org/W2155669568","https://openalex.org/W2157897991","https://openalex.org/W2159436976","https://openalex.org/W2160382929","https://openalex.org/W2160719507","https://openalex.org/W2161242403","https://openalex.org/W2161572824","https://openalex.org/W2165346682","https://openalex.org/W2165642563","https://openalex.org/W2165989667","https://openalex.org/W2166178334","https://openalex.org/W2166732736","https://openalex.org/W2167362509","https://openalex.org/W2167440108","https://openalex.org/W2170303299","https://openalex.org/W2171561323","https://openalex.org/W2171924357","https://openalex.org/W2172115264","https://openalex.org/W2175592801","https://openalex.org/W2179427518","https://openalex.org/W2198792286","https://openalex.org/W2213965861","https://openalex.org/W2220146336","https://openalex.org/W2227291860","https://openalex.org/W2235855481","https://openalex.org/W2262812639","https://openalex.org/W2263687968","https://openalex.org/W2265056075","https://openalex.org/W2274142243","https://openalex.org/W2283341023","https://openalex.org/W2287126561","https://openalex.org/W2287127883","https://openalex.org/W2313692070","https://openalex.org/W2320803547","https://openalex.org/W2340751457","https://openalex.org/W2343482777","https://openalex.org/W2346981077","https://openalex.org/W2394614027","https://openalex.org/W2396189177","https://openalex.org/W2396295852","https://openalex.org/W2396446279","https://openalex.org/W2399958996","https://openalex.org/W2402388036","https://openalex.org/W2405209631","https://openalex.org/W2408983513","https://openalex.org/W2409487608","https://openalex.org/W2410939394","https://openalex.org/W2416968958","https://openalex.org/W2417197129","https://openalex.org/W2422089199","https://openalex.org/W2429408028","https://openalex.org/W2431621018","https://openalex.org/W2473680679","https://openalex.org/W2507914742","https://openalex.org/W2519072481","https://openalex.org/W2578055809","https://openalex.org/W2588734068","https://openalex.org/W2593939461","https://openalex.org/W2602300977","https://openalex.org/W2613867659","https://openalex.org/W2735531403","https://openalex.org/W2739771668","https://openalex.org/W2741534823","https://openalex.org/W2783089176","https://openalex.org/W2789979850","https://openalex.org/W2808038721","https://openalex.org/W2809294262","https://openalex.org/W2818256676","https://openalex.org/W2886057925","https://openalex.org/W2908435993","https://openalex.org/W2918338548","https://openalex.org/W2922286677","https://openalex.org/W2924284367","https://openalex.org/W2979981519","https://openalex.org/W2993424755","https://openalex.org/W4211072146","https://openalex.org/W4211216313","https://openalex.org/W4230187825","https://openalex.org/W4239127880","https://openalex.org/W4300471441","https://openalex.org/W6639727504","https://openalex.org/W6670816267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041378983","https://openalex.org/W1809394698","https://openalex.org/W2039315390","https://openalex.org/W2139830197","https://openalex.org/W1920572166","https://openalex.org/W1989081823","https://openalex.org/W1981737870","https://openalex.org/W1966320796","https://openalex.org/W3036473646","https://openalex.org/W4244031246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Variability":[0],"in":[1,30],"muscle":[2,31,110],"force":[3,23,32,70,132,192],"is":[4],"a":[5,90,114,168,181],"hallmark":[6],"of":[7,15,38,56,69,89,92,97,150,155,176,188],"healthy":[8,189],"and":[9,25,60,109,112,122,134,174,184,190],"pathological":[10],"human":[11],"behavior.":[12],"Predominant":[13],"theories":[14,173],"sensorimotor":[16,161,177],"control":[17,156,178],"assume":[18],"'motor":[19,143],"noise'":[20],"leads":[21],"to":[22,117],"variability":[24,71,133,138,151],"its":[26,74],"'signal":[27],"dependence'":[28],"(variability":[29],"whose":[33],"amplitude":[34],"increases":[35],"with":[36],"intensity":[37],"neural":[39],"drive).":[40],"Here,":[41],"we":[42],"demonstrate":[43],"that":[44,131,179],"the":[45,53,67,120,129,135,148],"two":[46],"proposed":[47],"mechanisms":[48],"for":[49,66,73,119],"motor":[50,57,93,98],"noise":[51],"(i.e.":[52],"stochastic":[54],"nature":[55],"unit":[58,99],"discharge":[59,105],"unfused":[61],"tetanic":[62],"contraction)":[63],"cannot":[64],"account":[65,118],"majority":[68],"nor":[72],"signal":[75],"dependence.":[76],"We":[77],"do":[78],"so":[79],"by":[80,142],"considering":[81],"three":[82],"previously":[83],"underappreciated":[84],"but":[85],"physiologically":[86,182],"important":[87],"features":[88],"population":[91],"units:":[94],"1)":[95],"fusion":[96],"twitches,":[100],"2)":[101],"coupling":[102],"among":[103],"motoneuron":[104],"rate,":[106],"cross-bridge":[107],"dynamics,":[108],"mechanics,":[111],"3)":[113],"series-elastic":[115],"element":[116],"aponeurosis":[121],"tendon.":[123],"These":[124],"results":[125],"argue":[126],"strongly":[127],"against":[128],"idea":[130],"resulting":[136],"kinematic":[137],"are":[139],"generated":[140],"primarily":[141],"noise.'":[144],"Rather,":[145],"they":[146],"underscore":[147],"importance":[149],"arising":[152],"from":[153],"properties":[154],"strategies":[157],"embodied":[158],"through":[159],"distributed":[160],"systems.":[162],"As":[163],"such,":[164],"our":[165],"study":[166],"provides":[167],"critical":[169],"path":[170],"toward":[171],"developing":[172],"models":[175],"provide":[180],"valid":[183],"clinically":[185],"useful":[186],"understanding":[187],"pathologic":[191],"variability.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-27T09:02:27.158192","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}