{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127571114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007811","title":"Unsupervised manifold learning of collective behavior","display_name":"Unsupervised manifold learning of collective behavior","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127571114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007811","mag":"3127571114","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33577568"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007811","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007811&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007811&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061312706","display_name":"Mathew Titus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-714X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mathew Titus","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America","The Prediction Lab LLC, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-714X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Prediction Lab LLC, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090614477","display_name":"George I. Hagstrom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2635-3723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Hagstrom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2635-3723","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067726453","display_name":"James R. Watson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James R. Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8296-9015","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061312706"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":1.5071,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88488489,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"e1007811","last_page":"e1007811"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13377","display_name":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-behavior","display_name":"Collective behavior","score":0.6901360750198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5938473343849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5622823238372803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistic","display_name":"Statistic","score":0.5256655812263489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.5233292579650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-system","display_name":"Complex system","score":0.4971778690814972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flocking","display_name":"Flocking (texture)","score":0.4695017337799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46691444516181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2456640899181366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11776497960090637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100339178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2548752","display_name":"Collective behavior","level":2,"score":0.6901360750198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5938473343849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5622823238372803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.5256655812263489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.5233292579650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.4971778690814972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781220375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814208","display_name":"Flocking (texture)","level":2,"score":0.4695017337799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46691444516181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2456640899181366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11776497960090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001519","descriptor_name":"Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001519","descriptor_name":"Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001519","descriptor_name":"Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001522","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001522","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001522","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005399","descriptor_name":"Fishes","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005399","descriptor_name":"Fishes","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005399","descriptor_name":"Fishes","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013597","descriptor_name":"Systems Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013597","descriptor_name":"Systems Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013597","descriptor_name":"Systems Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017753","descriptor_name":"Ecosystem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017753","descriptor_name":"Ecosystem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017753","descriptor_name":"Ecosystem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049490","descriptor_name":"Systems Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049490","descriptor_name":"Systems Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049490","descriptor_name":"Systems Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058615","descriptor_name":"Synthetic Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058615","descriptor_name":"Synthetic Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058615","descriptor_name":"Synthetic Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007811","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007811&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33577568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33577568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pcbi00:1007811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6c34a6c210b74ab8b6d0718247ea747b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6c34a6c210b74ab8b6d0718247ea747b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 17, Iss 2, p e1007811 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:noaa.stacks:noaa:29603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/29603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196172","display_name":"NOAA Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, 17(2)","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7906460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7906460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007811","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007811&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5278389714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NOAA-AWD100582","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","funder_display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6746307417","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OCE-184857","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8842413123","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"395890","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306164","funder_display_name":"Simons Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306164","display_name":"Simons Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cmst727"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127571114.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127571114.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592310395","https://openalex.org/W1975318518","https://openalex.org/W1976649838","https://openalex.org/W1992419399","https://openalex.org/W1997797003","https://openalex.org/W1998443892","https://openalex.org/W2002266200","https://openalex.org/W2006012747","https://openalex.org/W2006554089","https://openalex.org/W2010365184","https://openalex.org/W2011866841","https://openalex.org/W2012376126","https://openalex.org/W2017121357","https://openalex.org/W2033000951","https://openalex.org/W2033582549","https://openalex.org/W2048154580","https://openalex.org/W2060203271","https://openalex.org/W2063422161","https://openalex.org/W2073383402","https://openalex.org/W2097050150","https://openalex.org/W2104204531","https://openalex.org/W2117684310","https://openalex.org/W2129111551","https://openalex.org/W2143969246","https://openalex.org/W2148252440","https://openalex.org/W2163659175","https://openalex.org/W2166895336","https://openalex.org/W2409475550","https://openalex.org/W2414456771","https://openalex.org/W2594041373","https://openalex.org/W2746714164","https://openalex.org/W2789845225","https://openalex.org/W2796820564","https://openalex.org/W2804616373","https://openalex.org/W2963693826","https://openalex.org/W2964084755","https://openalex.org/W3034457675","https://openalex.org/W3103722330","https://openalex.org/W3112028493","https://openalex.org/W3123880662","https://openalex.org/W3150700316","https://openalex.org/W4213367101","https://openalex.org/W4249247059","https://openalex.org/W4388322344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W87517536","https://openalex.org/W2279927153","https://openalex.org/W2580317892","https://openalex.org/W1590980054","https://openalex.org/W2403130913","https://openalex.org/W2737875874","https://openalex.org/W960753690","https://openalex.org/W1572151416","https://openalex.org/W2990729363","https://openalex.org/W3011344497"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Collective":[0],"behavior":[1,24,81,204],"is":[2,25,153,181,212],"an":[3,165],"emergent":[4,80,166],"property":[5],"of":[6,22,40,45,53,78,101,110,116,128,139,177,190,202,236,248],"numerous":[7],"complex":[8,83],"systems,":[9,84],"from":[10],"financial":[11],"markets":[12],"to":[13,16,119,124,244],"cancer":[14],"cells":[15],"predator-prey":[17],"ecological":[18],"systems.":[19],"Characterizing":[20],"modes":[21,201],"collective":[23,89,203],"often":[26],"done":[27],"through":[28],"human":[29],"observation,":[30],"training":[31],"generative":[32],"models,":[33],"or":[34],"other":[35],"supervised":[36],"learning":[37],"techniques.":[38],"Each":[39],"these":[41,133,195],"cases":[42],"requires":[43],"knowledge":[44],"and":[46,85,172],"a":[47,58,74,137,206,215,240,245],"method":[48,77,115,211],"for":[49,60],"characterizing":[50],"the":[51,54,99,114,120,145,156,169,175,178,184,187,233,237,249],"macro-state(s)":[52],"system.":[55],"This":[56,210],"presents":[57],"challenge":[59],"studying":[61],"novel":[62],"systems":[63,121],"where":[64],"there":[65],"may":[66],"be":[67],"little":[68],"prior":[69],"knowledge.":[70],"Here,":[71],"we":[72,135,197],"present":[73],"new":[75],"unsupervised":[76,208],"detecting":[79],"in":[82,108,161,183,205,239],"discerning":[86],"between":[87,141,168,199],"distinct":[88],"behaviors.":[90],"We":[91,112,226],"require":[92],"only":[93],"metrics,":[94],"d(1),":[95],"d(2),":[96],"defined":[97],"on":[98,214],"set":[100],"agents,":[102],"X,":[103],"which":[104],"measure":[105,138],"agents'":[106],"nearness":[107],"variables":[109],"interest.":[111],"apply":[113],"diffusion":[117,191],"maps":[118],"(X,":[122],"d(i))":[123],"recover":[125],"efficient":[126],"embeddings":[127],"their":[129],"interaction":[130],"networks.":[131],"Comparing":[132],"geometries,":[134],"formulate":[136],"similarity":[140],"two":[142,157,188],"networks,":[143],"called":[144],"map":[146,192],"alignment":[147],"statistic":[148],"(MAS).":[149],"A":[150],"large":[151],"MAS":[152],"evidence":[154],"that":[155,228],"networks":[158],"are":[159],"codetermined":[160],"some":[162],"fashion,":[163],"indicating":[164],"relationship":[167],"metrics":[170],"d(1)":[171],"d(2).":[173],"Additionally,":[174],"form":[176],"macro-scale":[179],"organization":[180],"encoded":[182],"covariances":[185,196],"among":[186],"sets":[189],"components.":[193],"Using":[194],"discern":[198],"different":[200],"data-driven,":[207],"manner.":[209],"demonstrated":[213],"synthetic":[216],"flocking":[217],"model":[218],"as":[219,221],"well":[220],"empirical":[222],"fish":[223],"schooling":[224],"data.":[225],"show":[227],"our":[229],"state":[230],"classification":[231],"subdivides":[232],"known":[234],"behaviors":[235],"school":[238],"meaningful":[241],"manner,":[242],"leading":[243],"finer":[246],"description":[247],"system's":[250],"behavior.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}