{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2951730672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006238","title":"Tox_(R)CNN: Deep learning-based nuclei profiling tool for drug toxicity screening","display_name":"Tox_(R)CNN: Deep learning-based nuclei profiling tool for drug toxicity screening","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2951730672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006238","mag":"2951730672","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30500821"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006238","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006238","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006238&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006238&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008079031","display_name":"Daniel Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Carretero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7858-1907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2809107791","display_name":"Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs1a797","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2809107791","https://openalex.org/I4210098440"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Jimenez-Carretero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cellomics Unit, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cellomics Unit, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2809107791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035170443","display_name":"Vahid Abrishami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2809107791","display_name":"Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs1a797","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2809107791","https://openalex.org/I4210098440"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Abrishami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cellomics Unit, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cellomics Unit, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2809107791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038953364","display_name":"Laura Fern\u00e1ndez-de-Man\u00fael","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2809107791","display_name":"Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs1a797","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2809107791","https://openalex.org/I4210098440"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Fern\u00e1ndez-de-Manuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cellomics Unit, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cellomics Unit, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2809107791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006442766","display_name":"Irene Palacios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3556-6332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2809107791","display_name":"Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs1a797","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2809107791","https://openalex.org/I4210098440"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irene Palacios","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cellomics Unit, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cellomics Unit, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2809107791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044585078","display_name":"Antonio Qu\u00edlez-\u00c1lvarez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-3936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2809107791","display_name":"Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs1a797","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2809107791","https://openalex.org/I4210098440"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Qu\u00edlez-\u00c1lvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cellomics Unit, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cellomics Unit, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2809107791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057777611","display_name":"Alberto D\u00edez-S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5146-3089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2809107791","display_name":"Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs1a797","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2809107791","https://openalex.org/I4210098440"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto D\u00edez-S\u00e1nchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae biology, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5146-3089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae biology, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2809107791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034720125","display_name":"Miguel \u00c1. del Pozo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-391X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2809107791","display_name":"Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs1a797","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2809107791","https://openalex.org/I4210098440"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel A. del Pozo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae biology, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae biology, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2809107791"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087402721","display_name":"Mar\u0131\u0301a C. Montoya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8878-7028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2809107791","display_name":"Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs1a797","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2809107791","https://openalex.org/I4210098440"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda C. Montoya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cellomics Unit, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8878-7028","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cellomics Unit, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2809107791"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087402721"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2809107791"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":5.6561,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96180988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"11","first_page":"e1006238","last_page":"e1006238"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11190","display_name":"3D Printing in Biomedical Research","score":0.9681000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7645472288131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6643518805503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6274571418762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6103278398513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxicity","display_name":"Toxicity","score":0.5994418263435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prioritization","display_name":"Prioritization","score":0.5826607942581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-content-screening","display_name":"High-content screening","score":0.5578370690345764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dapi","display_name":"DAPI","score":0.5115590691566467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-discovery","display_name":"Drug discovery","score":0.5087500214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4984397888183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37584853172302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.2589733600616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.22497862577438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.19985339045524597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell","display_name":"Cell","score":0.13504424691200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry","display_name":"Biochemistry","score":0.11844608187675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0688508152961731}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7645472288131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6643518805503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6274571418762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6103278398513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.5994418263435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777615720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11888847","display_name":"Prioritization","level":2,"score":0.5826607942581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157044486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5754482","display_name":"High-content screening","level":3,"score":0.5578370690345764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777527632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238382","display_name":"DAPI","level":3,"score":0.5115590691566467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74187038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418791","display_name":"Drug discovery","level":2,"score":0.5087500214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4984397888183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37584853172302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.2589733600616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.22497862577438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.19985339045524597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.13504424691200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.11844608187675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0688508152961731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002467","descriptor_name":"Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002467","descriptor_name":"Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002467","descriptor_name":"Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002467","descriptor_name":"Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002467","descriptor_name":"Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005456","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Dyes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005456","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Dyes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005456","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Dyes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005456","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Dyes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005456","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Dyes","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007211","descriptor_name":"Indoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007211","descriptor_name":"Indoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007211","descriptor_name":"Indoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007211","descriptor_name":"Indoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007211","descriptor_name":"Indoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D064420","descriptor_name":"Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064420","descriptor_name":"Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064420","descriptor_name":"Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064420","descriptor_name":"Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064420","descriptor_name":"Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006238","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006238","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006238&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30500821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30500821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:605871ca4d194ecaa940bf22913f4e09","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/605871ca4d194ecaa940bf22913f4e09","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 14, Iss 11, p e1006238 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5279471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6291153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/7408079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Tox_R_CNN_Deep_learning-based_nuclei_profiling_tool_for_drug_toxicity_screening/7408079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006238","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006238","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006238&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1150625730","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SEV-2015-0505","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4169769675","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SEV-2015-0505","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6664206659","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SEV-2015-0505","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323479","funder_display_name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6801113497","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"641639","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7520324128","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"641639","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8681037509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15-0404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312952","funder_display_name":"Worldwide Cancer Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312058","display_name":"\u201cla Caixa\u201d Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03zhx9h04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312952","display_name":"Worldwide Cancer Research","ror":"https://ror.org/031tfbz57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323479","display_name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs1a797"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","display_name":"Horizon 2020","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2951730672.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2951730672.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6908809","https://openalex.org/W161609747","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1585339076","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W1982950582","https://openalex.org/W2000040240","https://openalex.org/W2010184995","https://openalex.org/W2018784030","https://openalex.org/W2047219888","https://openalex.org/W2049863903","https://openalex.org/W2050610125","https://openalex.org/W2052853635","https://openalex.org/W2064315321","https://openalex.org/W2065527903","https://openalex.org/W2065857667","https://openalex.org/W2073476191","https://openalex.org/W2082744681","https://openalex.org/W2089377837","https://openalex.org/W2097840947","https://openalex.org/W2101810837","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2123571533","https://openalex.org/W2131194938","https://openalex.org/W2140099710","https://openalex.org/W2140541004","https://openalex.org/W2150091347","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2158966376","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2166550586","https://openalex.org/W2183182206","https://openalex.org/W2192409792","https://openalex.org/W2227311619","https://openalex.org/W2266570683","https://openalex.org/W2306570595","https://openalex.org/W2325307364","https://openalex.org/W2344445615","https://openalex.org/W2384495648","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2502949459","https://openalex.org/W2552029935","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2581082771","https://openalex.org/W2596021293","https://openalex.org/W2606209624","https://openalex.org/W2750796620","https://openalex.org/W2779291247","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2950695830","https://openalex.org/W2953106684","https://openalex.org/W3015282942","https://openalex.org/W4237142329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034751833","https://openalex.org/W2021094532","https://openalex.org/W2884937845","https://openalex.org/W2274888953","https://openalex.org/W1865162173","https://openalex.org/W2794301983","https://openalex.org/W2297024106","https://openalex.org/W2148354777","https://openalex.org/W2180710631","https://openalex.org/W2001337146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Toxicity":[0],"is":[1,15],"an":[2,53],"important":[3],"factor":[4],"in":[5,19,69,223,237],"failed":[6],"drug":[7,20,238,248],"development,":[8],"and":[9,13,63,148,178,204,219,241],"its":[10],"efficient":[11],"identification":[12],"prediction":[14,36,154],"a":[16,93],"major":[17],"challenge":[18],"discovery.":[21,249],"We":[22,159],"have":[23,64,179],"explored":[24],"the":[25,35,66,110,245],"potential":[26],"of":[27,30,37,50,88,95,127,136,166,190,194,226,247],"microscopy":[28],"images":[29,51,87],"fluorescently":[31],"labeled":[32],"nuclei":[33,170],"for":[34,72,106,164,203,222,234],"toxicity":[38,85,99,153,168,184,189],"based":[39],"on":[40],"nucleus":[41],"pattern":[42],"recognition.":[43],"Deep":[44],"learning":[45,71],"algorithms":[46],"obtain":[47],"abstract":[48],"representations":[49],"through":[52],"automated":[54,125,140],"process,":[55],"allowing":[56],"them":[57],"to":[58,83,120,134,146,174,208],"efficiently":[59],"classify":[60,149],"complex":[61],"patterns,":[62],"become":[65],"state-of-the":[67],"art":[68],"machine":[70],"computer":[73],"vision.":[74],"Here,":[75],"deep":[76],"convolutional":[77],"neural":[78],"networks":[79],"(CNN)":[80],"were":[81,104,144,205],"trained":[82,202],"predict":[84],"from":[86,155,169],"DAPI-stained":[89],"cells":[90,118],"pre-treated":[91],"with":[92,97,192],"set":[94],"drugs":[96,191],"differing":[98],"mechanisms.":[100],"Different":[101],"cropping":[102],"strategies":[103],"used":[105],"training":[107],"CNN":[108],"models,":[109],"nuclei-cropping-based":[111],"Tox_CNN":[112,123],"model":[113],"outperformed":[114],"other":[115,196,209],"models":[116,163,187,214,230],"classifying":[117],"according":[119,133],"health":[121],"status.":[122],"allowed":[124],"extraction":[126],"feature":[128],"maps":[129],"that":[130],"clustered":[131],"compounds":[132],"mechanism":[135],"action.":[137],"Moreover,":[138],"fully":[139],"region-based":[141],"CNNs":[142],"(RCNN)":[143],"implemented":[145],"detect":[147],"nuclei,":[150],"providing":[151],"per-cell":[152],"raw":[156],"screening":[157,225,239],"images.":[158],"validated":[160],"both":[161],"Tox_(R)CNN":[162,213],"detection":[165],"pre-lethal":[167],"images,":[171],"which":[172],"proved":[173],"be":[175,232],"more":[176],"sensitive":[177],"broader":[180],"specificity":[181],"than":[182,197],"established":[183],"readouts.":[185],"These":[186,229],"predicted":[188],"mechanisms":[193],"action":[195],"those":[198],"they":[199],"had":[200],"been":[201],"successfully":[206],"transferred":[207],"cell":[210],"assays.":[211],"The":[212],"thus":[215],"provide":[216],"robust,":[217],"sensitive,":[218],"cost-effective":[220],"tools":[221],"vitro":[224],"drug-induced":[227],"toxicity.":[228],"can":[231],"adopted":[233],"compound":[235],"prioritization":[236],"campaigns,":[240],"could":[242],"thereby":[243],"increase":[244],"efficiency":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T09:24:06.705377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}