{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2593447578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005414","title":"The genotype-phenotype map of an evolving digital organism","display_name":"The genotype-phenotype map of an evolving digital organism","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2593447578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005414","mag":"2593447578","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28241039"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005414","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005414&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005414&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084818943","display_name":"Miguel A. Fortuna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8374-1941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miguel A. Fortuna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8374-1941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083341108","display_name":"Luis Zaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-7385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Zaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Washington, United States of America","Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Washington, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026353119","display_name":"Charles Ofria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-1732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Ofria","raw_affiliation_strings":["BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Washington, United States of America","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Washington, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-1732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Washington, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Washington, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079730045","display_name":"Andreas Wagner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4299-3840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12708293","display_name":"SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics","ror":"https://ror.org/002n09z45","country_code":"CH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308548392","display_name":"Santa Fe Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01arysc35","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308548392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland","The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, Washington, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, Washington, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308548392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079730045","https://openalex.org/A5084818943"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12708293","https://openalex.org/I1308548392","https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":3.2785,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91809529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"e1005414","last_page":"e1005414"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolvability","display_name":"Evolvability","score":0.9428303241729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenotype","display_name":"Phenotype","score":0.7292553186416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6599348783493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.6392019987106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organism","display_name":"Organism","score":0.5112698078155518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.4827917814254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genotype","display_name":"Genotype","score":0.4462321698665619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-biology","display_name":"Systems biology","score":0.4402506947517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","score":0.4052138030529022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.39021188020706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.17311394214630127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176147130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909622","display_name":"Evolvability","level":2,"score":0.9428303241729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.7292553186416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6599348783493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6392019987106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137858568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239","display_name":"Organism","level":2,"score":0.5112698078155518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4827917814254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.4462321698665619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152662350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815297","display_name":"Systems biology","level":2,"score":0.4402506947517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.4052138030529022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.39021188020706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.17311394214630127}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012641","descriptor_name":"Selection, Genetic","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012641","descriptor_name":"Selection, Genetic","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012641","descriptor_name":"Selection, Genetic","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058615","descriptor_name":"Synthetic Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058615","descriptor_name":"Synthetic Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058615","descriptor_name":"Synthetic Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005414","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005414&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28241039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28241039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.5167/uzh-136320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pcbi00:1005414","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:457fe2da042f492aa60920489a77d296","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/457fe2da042f492aa60920489a77d296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 13, Iss 2, p e1005414 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/4698241","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/The_genotype-phenotype_map_of_an_evolving_digital_organism/4698241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dataset"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5348039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5348039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.5167/uzh-136320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-136320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051291","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich, ZORA","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005414","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005414&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1398279541","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0939454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1694695580","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Cooperative Agreement No. DBI-0939454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1932904212","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. DBI-0939454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4913060598","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31003A-146137","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5419713813","display_name":"Phenotypic innovation, robustness, and recombination in genome-scale metabolic networks","funder_award_id":"146137","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7093397147","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Cooperative Agreement No. DBI-0939454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7414076325","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DBI-0939454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7531921253","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-0939454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G971298448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323874","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327577","display_name":"SystemsX.ch","ror":"https://ror.org/02s09gf16"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2593447578.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2593447578.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168348071","https://openalex.org/W657312221","https://openalex.org/W1510121895","https://openalex.org/W1512750650","https://openalex.org/W1520994576","https://openalex.org/W1537321445","https://openalex.org/W1557270760","https://openalex.org/W1567359079","https://openalex.org/W1602132379","https://openalex.org/W1964778231","https://openalex.org/W1965857389","https://openalex.org/W1971013467","https://openalex.org/W1974183989","https://openalex.org/W1977940795","https://openalex.org/W1982583288","https://openalex.org/W1983658594","https://openalex.org/W1986122165","https://openalex.org/W1987841593","https://openalex.org/W1990695168","https://openalex.org/W1991793399","https://openalex.org/W1992613346","https://openalex.org/W1994124536","https://openalex.org/W2002732070","https://openalex.org/W2005946215","https://openalex.org/W2006413392","https://openalex.org/W2007993714","https://openalex.org/W2012457691","https://openalex.org/W2015243851","https://openalex.org/W2016666153","https://openalex.org/W2028599082","https://openalex.org/W2035525755","https://openalex.org/W2035654977","https://openalex.org/W2046585679","https://openalex.org/W2047919241","https://openalex.org/W2049130716","https://openalex.org/W2050284387","https://openalex.org/W2053729675","https://openalex.org/W2053817355","https://openalex.org/W2059226812","https://openalex.org/W2059557910","https://openalex.org/W2060391020","https://openalex.org/W2062992432","https://openalex.org/W2078236617","https://openalex.org/W2079052324","https://openalex.org/W2084516445","https://openalex.org/W2088944761","https://openalex.org/W2094768499","https://openalex.org/W2100017511","https://openalex.org/W2102857384","https://openalex.org/W2105557836","https://openalex.org/W2106533942","https://openalex.org/W2121105996","https://openalex.org/W2137266088","https://openalex.org/W2140664585","https://openalex.org/W2141224484","https://openalex.org/W2141327539","https://openalex.org/W2142072523","https://openalex.org/W2144296396","https://openalex.org/W2147276070","https://openalex.org/W2148313902","https://openalex.org/W2157680389","https://openalex.org/W2167014741","https://openalex.org/W2180641318","https://openalex.org/W2210383493","https://openalex.org/W2296679604","https://openalex.org/W2343034755","https://openalex.org/W3098712249","https://openalex.org/W3106045900","https://openalex.org/W3124837637","https://openalex.org/W3186293301","https://openalex.org/W4205176378","https://openalex.org/W4211017114","https://openalex.org/W4254837461","https://openalex.org/W6651730845","https://openalex.org/W6836861401"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105160260","https://openalex.org/W2922935424","https://openalex.org/W2571877704","https://openalex.org/W2122461052","https://openalex.org/W1781524388","https://openalex.org/W2040177850","https://openalex.org/W2129140651","https://openalex.org/W2773108699","https://openalex.org/W2783956319","https://openalex.org/W4290380913"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"understand":[1,15,29],"how":[2],"evolving":[3,24,36,188],"systems":[4,25,37,189,224,228],"bring":[5],"forth":[6],"novel":[7,160,174],"and":[8,20,41,119,140,225],"useful":[9],"phenotypes,":[10],"it":[11,42],"is":[12,127,155,180],"essential":[13],"to":[14,129,158,229],"the":[16,31,52,100,150,167,170],"relationship":[17],"between":[18,137],"genotypic":[19,130,153,178],"phenotypic":[21,121,138],"change.":[22,131],"Artificial":[23,187],"can":[26,79,94,190,209],"help":[27,44,191,211],"us":[28,192],"whether":[30],"genotype-phenotype":[32,53],"maps":[33],"of":[34,55,73,102,173,195],"natural":[35,112,206],"are":[38,86,199,218],"highly":[39],"unusual,":[40],"may":[43,143],"create":[45],"evolvable":[46],"artificial":[47,223],"systems.":[48,207],"Here":[49],"we":[50],"characterize":[51],"map":[54],"digital":[56,63,67],"organisms":[57,68,183],"in":[58,111,162,202],"Avida,":[59],"a":[60,70],"platform":[61],"for":[62,146,182,220],"evolution.":[64,148],"We":[65,105,132],"consider":[66],"from":[69],"vast":[71],"space":[72],"10141":[74],"genotypes":[75],"(instruction":[76],"sequences),":[77],"which":[78],"form":[80],"512":[81],"different":[82,89],"phenotypes.":[83,186],"These":[84],"phenotypes":[85,161,175],"distinguished":[87],"by":[88,99],"Boolean":[90],"logic":[91],"functions":[92],"they":[93],"compute,":[95],"as":[96,98,115,215],"well":[97],"complexity":[101,139],"these":[103],"functions.":[104],"observe":[106],"several":[107],"properties":[108],"with":[109,184],"parallels":[110],"systems,":[113],"such":[114,214],"connected":[116],"genotype":[117],"networks":[118],"asymmetric":[120],"transitions.":[122],"The":[123],"likely":[124,157],"common":[125],"cause":[126],"robustness":[128],"describe":[133],"an":[134],"intriguing":[135],"tension":[136],"evolvability":[141,197],"that":[142,198,217],"have":[144],"implications":[145],"biological":[147,196,227],"On":[149,166],"one":[151],"hand,":[152,169],"change":[154,179],"more":[156,163,204],"yield":[159],"complex":[164,205],"organisms.":[165],"other":[168],"total":[171],"number":[172],"reachable":[176],"through":[177],"highest":[181],"simple":[185],"study":[193],"aspects":[194],"not":[200],"accessible":[201],"vastly":[203],"They":[208],"also":[210],"identify":[212],"properties,":[213],"robustness,":[216],"required":[219],"both":[221],"human-designed":[222],"synthetic":[226],"be":[230],"evolvable.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T09:01:20.584952","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}