{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2527426367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005121","title":"The Edge of Stability: Response Times and Delta Oscillations in Balanced Networks","display_name":"The Edge of Stability: Response Times and Delta Oscillations in Balanced Networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2527426367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005121","mag":"2527426367","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27689361"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005121","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005121&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005121&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050059772","display_name":"Grant Gillary","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314596251","display_name":"Allen Institute for Brain Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00dcv1019","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314596251","https://openalex.org/I4210140341"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grant Gillary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America","Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314596251"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016761623","display_name":"Ernst Niebur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2815-9262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314596251","display_name":"Allen Institute for Brain Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00dcv1019","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314596251","https://openalex.org/I4210140341"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ernst Niebur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America","Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314596251"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016761623"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314596251","https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":0.6728,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70818834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"9","first_page":"e1005121","last_page":"e1005121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neocortex","display_name":"Neocortex","score":0.7603908181190491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instability","display_name":"Instability","score":0.7219136357307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.5685133934020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitatory-postsynaptic-potential","display_name":"Excitatory postsynaptic potential","score":0.5211477279663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.5132498741149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5094712376594543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4391342103481293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ampa-receptor","display_name":"AMPA receptor","score":0.42649585008621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.40263891220092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nmda-receptor","display_name":"NMDA receptor","score":0.2559552788734436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.2124997079372406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10243818163871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.0846102237701416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777222312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726562","display_name":"Neocortex","level":2,"score":0.7603908181190491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207821765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q405372","display_name":"Instability","level":2,"score":0.7219136357307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5685133934020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112592302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207387","display_name":"Excitatory postsynaptic potential","level":3,"score":0.5211477279663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5132498741149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5094712376594543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4391342103481293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160268369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295251","display_name":"AMPA receptor","level":4,"score":0.42649585008621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.40263891220092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67018056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414896","display_name":"NMDA receptor","level":3,"score":0.2559552788734436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2124997079372406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10243818163871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0846102237701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005121","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005121&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27689361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27689361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pcbi00:1005121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e563bc29e2fa4fe9b97b6a71893cb1de","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e563bc29e2fa4fe9b97b6a71893cb1de","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 12, Iss 9, p e1005121 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/3977757","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/The_Edge_of_Stability_Response_Times_and_Delta_Oscillations_in_Balanced_Networks/3977757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dataset"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5045166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5045166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005121","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005121&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G128352060","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01DA040990-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5497697200","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01DA040990","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5867925800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 DA040990","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5992364005","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N000141010278","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8741353385","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N000141010278","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308782","display_name":"Hertz Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ycgxf29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2527426367.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2527426367.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485297825","https://openalex.org/W1577223111","https://openalex.org/W1650401181","https://openalex.org/W1955923252","https://openalex.org/W1963789865","https://openalex.org/W1966478172","https://openalex.org/W1974436068","https://openalex.org/W1976027541","https://openalex.org/W1979085769","https://openalex.org/W1982662582","https://openalex.org/W1989512479","https://openalex.org/W1997073966","https://openalex.org/W2000372473","https://openalex.org/W2004410738","https://openalex.org/W2008284899","https://openalex.org/W2010356589","https://openalex.org/W2020939800","https://openalex.org/W2024815570","https://openalex.org/W2026161211","https://openalex.org/W2032723117","https://openalex.org/W2036145275","https://openalex.org/W2036495604","https://openalex.org/W2037298848","https://openalex.org/W2039187448","https://openalex.org/W2040663063","https://openalex.org/W2047347093","https://openalex.org/W2047535883","https://openalex.org/W2051850587","https://openalex.org/W2061606858","https://openalex.org/W2065169750","https://openalex.org/W2065485764","https://openalex.org/W2078166071","https://openalex.org/W2087301801","https://openalex.org/W2094085718","https://openalex.org/W2094850439","https://openalex.org/W2095741293","https://openalex.org/W2100438317","https://openalex.org/W2101954189","https://openalex.org/W2106700142","https://openalex.org/W2117010174","https://openalex.org/W2122037734","https://openalex.org/W2123745704","https://openalex.org/W2126050517","https://openalex.org/W2127411502","https://openalex.org/W2127610235","https://openalex.org/W2130203263","https://openalex.org/W2132753014","https://openalex.org/W2138704896","https://openalex.org/W2139630667","https://openalex.org/W2148654448","https://openalex.org/W2153201079","https://openalex.org/W2156108573","https://openalex.org/W2158866673","https://openalex.org/W2159702277","https://openalex.org/W2165196764","https://openalex.org/W2167237768","https://openalex.org/W2168028420","https://openalex.org/W2169345222","https://openalex.org/W2172111067"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310571718","https://openalex.org/W1976698932","https://openalex.org/W1492225438","https://openalex.org/W2952887780","https://openalex.org/W2887955072","https://openalex.org/W1602263930","https://openalex.org/W2012141671","https://openalex.org/W4254484460","https://openalex.org/W2988334045","https://openalex.org/W2983278233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,35],"standard":[1],"architecture":[2],"of":[3,32,37,48,73,91,122,129],"neocortex":[4],"is":[5,40,60],"a":[6,57,137],"network":[7,154],"with":[8,21],"excitation":[9],"and":[10,20,27,50,70,76,126],"inhibition":[11],"in":[12,80,113,143,155],"closely":[13],"maintained":[14],"balance.":[15],"These":[16],"networks":[17,39,97],"respond":[18,99],"fast":[19,74],"high":[22],"precision":[23],"to":[24,42,101,107,151],"their":[25],"inputs":[26],"they":[28],"allow":[29],"selective":[30],"amplification":[31],"patterned":[33],"signals.":[34],"stability":[36,63],"such":[38],"known":[41],"depend":[43],"on":[44,66],"balancing":[45],"the":[46,67,81,88,92,114,120,127,153,156,162],"strengths":[47,69],"positive":[49],"negative":[51],"feedback.":[52],"We":[53,94],"here":[54],"show":[55,95,141],"that":[56,96,142],"second":[58],"condition":[59,85],"required":[61],"for":[62],"which":[64,98,111],"depends":[65],"relative":[68],"time":[71,90],"courses":[72],"(AMPA)":[75],"slow":[77],"(NMDA)":[78],"currents":[79],"excitatory":[82],"projections.":[83],"This":[84,117],"also":[86],"determines":[87],"response":[89],"network.":[93],"quickly":[100],"an":[102,108],"input":[103],"are":[104,136],"necessarily":[105],"close":[106],"oscillatory":[109],"instability":[110,118],"resonates":[112],"delta":[115,124,134],"range.":[116],"explains":[119],"existence":[121],"neocortical":[123],"oscillations":[125,135],"emergence":[128],"absence":[130],"epilepsy.":[131],"Although":[132],"cortical":[133],"network-level":[138],"phenomenon,":[139],"we":[140],"non-pathological":[144],"networks,":[145],"individual":[146],"neurons":[147],"receive":[148],"sufficient":[149],"information":[150],"keep":[152],"fast-response":[157],"regime":[158],"without":[159],"sliding":[160],"into":[161],"instability.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
