{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2566689453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005110","title":"Zipf\u2019s Law Arises Naturally When There Are Underlying, Unobserved Variables","display_name":"Zipf\u2019s Law Arises Naturally When There Are Underlying, Unobserved Variables","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2566689453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005110","mag":"2566689453","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27997544"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005110","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005110&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005110&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062539506","display_name":"Laurence Aitchison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-4607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115172","display_name":"Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience","ror":"https://ror.org/026ejyb70","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115172"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laurence Aitchison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-4607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115172","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034512028","display_name":"Nicola Corradi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Corradi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025338734","display_name":"Peter E. Latham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8713-9328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115172","display_name":"Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience","ror":"https://ror.org/026ejyb70","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115172"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter E. Latham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8713-9328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115172","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062539506"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115172","https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2115,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2281},"fwci":5.0431,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95926731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"12","first_page":"e1005110","last_page":"e1005110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12946","display_name":"Fractal and DNA sequence analysis","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zipfs-law","display_name":"Zipf's law","score":0.985349178314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5586284399032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.45890918374061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.44539642333984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-variable","display_name":"Latent variable","score":0.43221575021743774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.42118629813194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3979608118534088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.3904808461666107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3698372542858124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2866920232772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.21798744797706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19456622004508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09447866678237915}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125932096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205472","display_name":"Zipf's law","level":2,"score":0.985349178314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5586284399032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45890918374061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.44539642333984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51167844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422623","display_name":"Latent variable","level":2,"score":0.43221575021743774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42118629813194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3979608118534088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3904808461666107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3698372542858124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2866920232772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.21798744797706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19456622004508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09447866678237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005110","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005110&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27997544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27997544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/37d13165-94f5-4714-ba3c-251da3c6b825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/37d13165-94f5-4714-ba3c-251da3c6b825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aitchison, L, N, C & Latham, P E 2016, 'Zipf's law arises naturally when there are underlying, unobserved variables', PLOS Computational Biology, pp. e1005110.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pcbi00:1005110","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4c2d12ce18ee4da49aabd0cbe57df691","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4c2d12ce18ee4da49aabd0cbe57df691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 12, Iss 12, p e1005110 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1535025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1535025/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   PLoS Comput Biol , 12  (12)    , Article e1005110. (2016)      ","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5172588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5172588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005110","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005110&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320033","display_name":"Gatsby Charitable Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0290hax27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2566689453.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2566689453.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W292162578","https://openalex.org/W336602872","https://openalex.org/W568673721","https://openalex.org/W1523813253","https://openalex.org/W1881334935","https://openalex.org/W1985304131","https://openalex.org/W1992068214","https://openalex.org/W2005686453","https://openalex.org/W2009047999","https://openalex.org/W2036318275","https://openalex.org/W2037959956","https://openalex.org/W2039217078","https://openalex.org/W2040820014","https://openalex.org/W2045788360","https://openalex.org/W2056890019","https://openalex.org/W2066610273","https://openalex.org/W2070892134","https://openalex.org/W2079656678","https://openalex.org/W2080450835","https://openalex.org/W2091142825","https://openalex.org/W2096748633","https://openalex.org/W2097765403","https://openalex.org/W2107274838","https://openalex.org/W2122528211","https://openalex.org/W2124015941","https://openalex.org/W2128957129","https://openalex.org/W2152471738","https://openalex.org/W2159491186","https://openalex.org/W2170137693","https://openalex.org/W2170521549","https://openalex.org/W2171059938","https://openalex.org/W2289331671","https://openalex.org/W2302006054","https://openalex.org/W2326553615","https://openalex.org/W2334719081","https://openalex.org/W2407194592","https://openalex.org/W2607879133","https://openalex.org/W2950627632","https://openalex.org/W3099446678","https://openalex.org/W3102572323","https://openalex.org/W4205278524","https://openalex.org/W4210352987","https://openalex.org/W4231687540","https://openalex.org/W4245577611","https://openalex.org/W4301031423","https://openalex.org/W6670271065","https://openalex.org/W6698236920","https://openalex.org/W7043273379"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123832408","https://openalex.org/W2137719806","https://openalex.org/W2744330362","https://openalex.org/W2096748633","https://openalex.org/W1968625547","https://openalex.org/W2963431268","https://openalex.org/W3131094596","https://openalex.org/W2146223937","https://openalex.org/W2063584014","https://openalex.org/W2137733590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Zipf's":[0,28,62,95,122,177],"law,":[1,96,123],"which":[2,124,136,176],"states":[3],"that":[4,26,49,70,91,100,105],"the":[5,68,126,131],"probability":[6],"of":[7,32,54,61,121,133,167],"an":[8],"observation":[9,69],"is":[10,74],"inversely":[11],"proportional":[12],"to":[13,47,135,152,164],"its":[14],"rank,":[15],"has":[16],"been":[17],"observed":[18],"in":[19,30,175],"many":[20],"domains.":[21],"While":[22],"there":[23],"are":[24,36],"models":[25,55,90,134],"explain":[27],"law":[29,178],"each":[31],"them,":[33],"those":[34],"explanations":[35],"typically":[37],"domain":[38,174],"specific.":[39],"Recently,":[40],"methods":[41,145],"from":[42,77],"statistical":[43],"physics":[44],"were":[45],"used":[46],"show":[48],"a":[50,58,98,114,153],"fairly":[51],"broad":[52],"class":[53,132],"does":[56],"provide":[57,113],"general":[59],"explanation":[60,65,120,138,150,163],"law.":[63],"This":[64],"rests":[66],"on":[67],"real":[71],"world":[72],"data":[73,181],"often":[75],"generated":[76],"underlying":[78],"causes,":[79],"known":[80],"as":[81],"latent":[82,85],"variables.":[83],"Those":[84],"variables":[86],"mix":[87],"together":[88],"multiple":[89],"do":[92],"not":[93],"obey":[94],"giving":[97],"model":[99],"does.":[101],"Here":[102],"we":[103,112,142],"extend":[104,161],"work":[106],"both":[107],"theoretically":[108],"and":[109,117,186],"empirically.":[110],"Theoretically,":[111],"far":[115],"simpler":[116],"more":[118],"intuitive":[119],"at":[125],"same":[127],"time":[128],"considerably":[129],"extends":[130],"this":[137,149,162],"can":[139],"apply.":[140],"Furthermore,":[141],"also":[143],"give":[144],"for":[146],"verifying":[147],"whether":[148],"applies":[151],"particular":[154],"dataset.":[155],"Empirically,":[156],"these":[157],"advances":[158],"allowed":[159],"us":[160],"important":[165],"classes":[166],"data,":[168],"including":[169],"word":[170],"frequencies":[171],"(the":[172],"first":[173],"was":[179],"discovered),":[180],"with":[182],"variable":[183],"sequence":[184],"length,":[185],"multi-neuron":[187],"spiking":[188],"activity.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
