{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037993055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003859","title":"Ensembles of Spiking Neurons with Noise Support Optimal Probabilistic Inference in a Dynamically Changing Environment","display_name":"Ensembles of Spiking Neurons with Noise Support Optimal Probabilistic Inference in a Dynamically Changing Environment","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037993055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003859","mag":"2037993055","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25340749"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003859","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003859","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003859","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045622873","display_name":"Robert Legenstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8724-5507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Legenstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043339871","display_name":"Wolfgang Maass","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1178-087X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Maass","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043339871","https://openalex.org/A5045622873"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":910,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":981},"fwci":4.2322,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94603847,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"10","first_page":"e1003859","last_page":"e1003859"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7089439630508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6744817495346069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5911853909492493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-neural-network","display_name":"Biological neural network","score":0.5114964246749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-distribution","display_name":"Probability distribution","score":0.4988067150115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.47905004024505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.47047191858291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.4520846903324127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4230392277240753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.41337287425994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35322248935699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3499339818954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.22750872373580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14823001623153687}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7089439630508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6744817495346069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5911853909492493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118403218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43283","display_name":"Biological neural network","level":2,"score":0.5114964246749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.4988067150115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.47905004024505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.47047191858291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.4520846903324127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4230392277240753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.41337287425994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35322248935699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3499339818954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.22750872373580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14823001623153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003859","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003859","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25340749","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25340749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.798.6798","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.798.6798","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/52/2b/pcbi.1003859.PMC4207607.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pcbi00:1003859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003859","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d55720ecbb624eaba4b6789a22199e88","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d55720ecbb624eaba4b6789a22199e88","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 10, Iss 10, p e1003859 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3176282","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4207607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/1220474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/_Ensembles_of_Spiking_Neurons_with_Noise_Support_Optimal_Probabilistic_Inference_in_a_Dynamically_Changing_Environment_/1220474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003859","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003859","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1095062678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"604102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1992039773","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#604102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3302725581","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"604102 (HBP)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G449791347","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"I753-N23","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","funder_display_name":"Austrian Science Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","display_name":"Austrian Science Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/013tf3c58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W206086817","https://openalex.org/W1503398984","https://openalex.org/W1505031252","https://openalex.org/W1567636909","https://openalex.org/W1966894829","https://openalex.org/W1971469299","https://openalex.org/W1972299875","https://openalex.org/W1976625337","https://openalex.org/W1990389323","https://openalex.org/W1992910467","https://openalex.org/W1995721971","https://openalex.org/W1996375413","https://openalex.org/W2003400208","https://openalex.org/W2011923112","https://openalex.org/W2014555930","https://openalex.org/W2018085295","https://openalex.org/W2031142338","https://openalex.org/W2033221285","https://openalex.org/W2033708181","https://openalex.org/W2039858203","https://openalex.org/W2042907834","https://openalex.org/W2050689535","https://openalex.org/W2051137788","https://openalex.org/W2058635102","https://openalex.org/W2063132105","https://openalex.org/W2069845225","https://openalex.org/W2079600992","https://openalex.org/W2098470668","https://openalex.org/W2100259206","https://openalex.org/W2105007656","https://openalex.org/W2109234859","https://openalex.org/W2113576610","https://openalex.org/W2114746372","https://openalex.org/W2121102898","https://openalex.org/W2125663122","https://openalex.org/W2126430831","https://openalex.org/W2126736494","https://openalex.org/W2133861842","https://openalex.org/W2133877521","https://openalex.org/W2135065060","https://openalex.org/W2139295975","https://openalex.org/W2145264576","https://openalex.org/W2146590419","https://openalex.org/W2149257095","https://openalex.org/W2151718948","https://openalex.org/W2152663369","https://openalex.org/W2153113475","https://openalex.org/W2156530149","https://openalex.org/W2163179684","https://openalex.org/W2169134378","https://openalex.org/W2503838153","https://openalex.org/W2609653275","https://openalex.org/W4388297583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3126544799","https://openalex.org/W3104333581","https://openalex.org/W2542565870","https://openalex.org/W3111828357","https://openalex.org/W3018398156","https://openalex.org/W2920832517","https://openalex.org/W4388827557","https://openalex.org/W4387877594","https://openalex.org/W4377969828","https://openalex.org/W2977464668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"has":[1],"recently":[2],"been":[3],"shown":[4],"that":[5,35,70,103,161,178],"networks":[6,104],"of":[7,16,32,42,84,94,97,105,128,139,151,155,170,176,183],"spiking":[8,106],"neurons":[9,51,107,172],"with":[10,108],"noise":[11,109],"can":[12,73,110,164],"emulate":[13],"simple":[14],"forms":[15],"probabilistic":[17,66],"inference":[18],"through":[19,89],"\"neural":[20],"sampling\",":[21],"i.e.,":[22],"by":[23,76,159],"treating":[24],"spikes":[25],"as":[26,125],"samples":[27],"from":[28,54],"a":[29,79,132,174],"probability":[30,122],"distribution":[31],"network":[33],"states":[34],"is":[36],"encoded":[37],"in":[38,62],"the":[39,43,59,90,126,137,152],"network.":[40],"Deficiencies":[41],"existing":[44],"model":[45,101,163],"are":[46],"its":[47],"reliance":[48],"on":[49,119],"single":[50],"for":[52,131,173],"sampling":[53],"each":[55,85],"random":[56,87],"variable,":[57],"and":[58,113,146],"resulting":[60,100],"limitation":[61],"representing":[63],"quickly":[64],"varying":[65,121],"information.":[67,185],"We":[68,135],"show":[69],"both":[71],"deficiencies":[72],"be":[74],"overcome":[75],"moving":[77],"to":[78],"biologically":[80],"more":[81],"realistic":[82],"encoding":[83],"salient":[86],"variable":[88],"stochastic":[91],"firing":[92,168],"activity":[93,169],"an":[95],"ensemble":[96],"neurons.":[98],"The":[99],"demonstrates":[102],"easily":[111],"track":[112],"carry":[114],"out":[115],"basic":[116],"computational":[117],"operations":[118],"rapidly":[120],"distributions,":[123],"such":[124],"odds":[127],"getting":[129],"rewarded":[130],"specific":[133],"behavior.":[134],"demonstrate":[136],"viability":[138],"this":[140,162],"new":[141],"approach":[142],"towards":[143],"neural":[144,157],"coding":[145],"computation,":[147],"which":[148],"makes":[149],"use":[150],"inherent":[153],"parallelism":[154],"generic":[156],"circuits,":[158],"showing":[160],"explain":[165],"experimentally":[166],"observed":[167],"cortical":[171],"variety":[175],"tasks":[177],"require":[179],"rapid":[180],"temporal":[181],"integration":[182],"sensory":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
