{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1979155636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003414","title":"Competition for Antigen between Th1 and Th2 Responses Determines the Timing of the Immune Response Switch during Mycobaterium avium Subspecies paratuberulosis Infection in Ruminants","display_name":"Competition for Antigen between Th1 and Th2 Responses Determines the Timing of the Immune Response Switch during Mycobaterium avium Subspecies paratuberulosis Infection in Ruminants","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1979155636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003414","mag":"1979155636","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24415928"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003414","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003414&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003414&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028479958","display_name":"Gesham Magombedze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2745-3475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122345529","display_name":"National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis","ror":"https://ror.org/04vj69e88","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122345529","https://openalex.org/I1311060795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gesham Magombedze","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesse, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesse, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122345529","https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051500900","display_name":"Shigetoshi Eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9519-1174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shigetoshi Eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesse, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesse, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009256033","display_name":"Vitaly V. Ganusov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6572-1691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122345529","display_name":"National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis","ror":"https://ror.org/04vj69e88","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122345529","https://openalex.org/I1311060795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vitaly V. Ganusov","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesse, United States of America ; Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesse, United States of America ; Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesse, United States of America","Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesse, United States of America","Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesse, United States of America","National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesse, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesse, United States of America ; Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesse, United States of America ; Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesse, United States of America","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesse, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesse, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennesse, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122345529","https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028479958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122345529","https://openalex.org/I75027704"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":4.725,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95002296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"e1003414","last_page":"e1003414"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11316","display_name":"Mycobacterium research and diagnosis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11316","display_name":"Mycobacterium research and diagnosis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13385","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Mycology","score":0.9681000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11889","display_name":"Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications","score":0.9488000273704529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paratuberculosis","display_name":"Paratuberculosis","score":0.8090390563011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system","display_name":"Immune system","score":0.8066861033439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterium-avium-subspecies-paratuberculosis","display_name":"Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis","score":0.785417914390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.7613584995269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antigen","display_name":"Antigen","score":0.5756788849830627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology","display_name":"Immunology","score":0.5676187872886658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody-response","display_name":"Antibody response","score":0.4796883761882782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell","display_name":"T cell","score":0.4708620607852936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody","display_name":"Antibody","score":0.4504257142543793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbiology","display_name":"Microbiology","score":0.44608938694000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterium","display_name":"Mycobacterium","score":0.32923734188079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacteria","display_name":"Bacteria","score":0.25228220224380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.16325056552886963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777849792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q707388","display_name":"Paratuberculosis","level":4,"score":0.8090390563011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.8066861033439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780015948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6946990","display_name":"Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis","level":5,"score":0.785417914390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7613584995269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.5756788849830627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5676187872886658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018913218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody response","level":3,"score":0.4796883761882782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.4708620607852936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.4504257142543793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.44608938694000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780374374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194309","display_name":"Mycobacterium","level":3,"score":0.32923734188079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.25228220224380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.16325056552886963}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007111","descriptor_name":"Immunity, Cellular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007111","descriptor_name":"Immunity, Cellular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007111","descriptor_name":"Immunity, Cellular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010283","descriptor_name":"Paratuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010283","descriptor_name":"Paratuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010283","descriptor_name":"Paratuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010283","descriptor_name":"Paratuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010283","descriptor_name":"Paratuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010283","descriptor_name":"Paratuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012418","descriptor_name":"Ruminants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012418","descriptor_name":"Ruminants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012418","descriptor_name":"Ruminants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012756","descriptor_name":"Sheep","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012756","descriptor_name":"Sheep","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012756","descriptor_name":"Sheep","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016927","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016927","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016927","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018417","descriptor_name":"Th1 Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018417","descriptor_name":"Th1 Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018417","descriptor_name":"Th1 Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018418","descriptor_name":"Th2 Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018418","descriptor_name":"Th2 Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018418","descriptor_name":"Th2 Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003414","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003414&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24415928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24415928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.776.7330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.776.7330","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/d2/8d/pcbi.1003414.PMC3886887.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pcbi00:1003414","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2350a37d38384cca9699d6efebc9088a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2350a37d38384cca9699d6efebc9088a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 10, Iss 1, p e1003414 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2874330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3886887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/899126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Competition_for_Antigen_between_Th1_and_Th2_Responses_Determines_the_Timing_of_the_Immune_Response_Switch_during_Mycobaterium_avium_Subspecies_paratuberulosis_Infection_in_Ruminants/899126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003414","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003414&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1012483139","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EF-0832858","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306110","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2201259551","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#EF-0832858","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2877504876","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EF-0832858","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315068","funder_display_name":"University of Tennessee, Knoxville"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G55638240","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EF-0832858","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6880529889","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EF-0832858","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7569934672","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EF-0832858","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310889","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8111354864","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#EF-0832858","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310889","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306110","display_name":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security","ror":"https://ror.org/00jyr0d86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310889","display_name":"National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis","ror":"https://ror.org/04vj69e88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315068","display_name":"University of Tennessee, Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1979155636.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1979155636.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W853922638","https://openalex.org/W1561134093","https://openalex.org/W1591146540","https://openalex.org/W1962944312","https://openalex.org/W1964285949","https://openalex.org/W1968519358","https://openalex.org/W1977364561","https://openalex.org/W1981941131","https://openalex.org/W1989669752","https://openalex.org/W1991903560","https://openalex.org/W1992267675","https://openalex.org/W1993619822","https://openalex.org/W1994783638","https://openalex.org/W1996272993","https://openalex.org/W1997917457","https://openalex.org/W2000437769","https://openalex.org/W2010293066","https://openalex.org/W2014392153","https://openalex.org/W2017828665","https://openalex.org/W2019751406","https://openalex.org/W2020122130","https://openalex.org/W2022618390","https://openalex.org/W2026690665","https://openalex.org/W2029819700","https://openalex.org/W2033539827","https://openalex.org/W2037740265","https://openalex.org/W2043199614","https://openalex.org/W2049976069","https://openalex.org/W2051242210","https://openalex.org/W2054726751","https://openalex.org/W2055348159","https://openalex.org/W2066931725","https://openalex.org/W2071847321","https://openalex.org/W2079460879","https://openalex.org/W2081843353","https://openalex.org/W2088121552","https://openalex.org/W2090727611","https://openalex.org/W2091313505","https://openalex.org/W2091570353","https://openalex.org/W2091889982","https://openalex.org/W2092719129","https://openalex.org/W2097075358","https://openalex.org/W2099899075","https://openalex.org/W2099918076","https://openalex.org/W2102810193","https://openalex.org/W2110459643","https://openalex.org/W2111805405","https://openalex.org/W2112120433","https://openalex.org/W2112716140","https://openalex.org/W2114235887","https://openalex.org/W2114355189","https://openalex.org/W2115640526","https://openalex.org/W2119887122","https://openalex.org/W2119894968","https://openalex.org/W2120294390","https://openalex.org/W2121449107","https://openalex.org/W2137770196","https://openalex.org/W2141708934","https://openalex.org/W2144185816","https://openalex.org/W2144210868","https://openalex.org/W2148398338","https://openalex.org/W2152478349","https://openalex.org/W2152803686","https://openalex.org/W2160196028","https://openalex.org/W2166013628","https://openalex.org/W2168020873","https://openalex.org/W2168181008","https://openalex.org/W2253345233","https://openalex.org/W2406579394","https://openalex.org/W2418689130","https://openalex.org/W2480264290","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4291746974"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034815849","https://openalex.org/W3167453586","https://openalex.org/W3164871169","https://openalex.org/W2954752304","https://openalex.org/W4322575839","https://openalex.org/W3198035236","https://openalex.org/W2024579810","https://openalex.org/W4205968769","https://openalex.org/W1986309975","https://openalex.org/W282083544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Johne's":[0],"disease":[1,83],"(JD),":[2],"a":[3,36,124],"persistent":[4],"and":[5,14,63,85,102,193,228,247,259],"slow":[6,19],"progressing":[7],"infection":[8,134],"of":[9,50,87,128,140,146,152,168,175,177,183,214,231,245,253,267,275],"ruminants":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12],"cows":[13],"sheep,":[15],"is":[16,45,112,119],"caused":[17],"by":[18,47,221],"replicating":[20],"bacilli":[21],"Mycobacterium":[22],"avium":[23],"subspecies":[24],"paratuberculosis":[25],"(MAP)":[26],"infecting":[27],"macrophages":[28,147],"in":[29,60,90,218,223],"the":[30,48,88,129,138,153,166,169,173,181,194,215,224,229,232,254,261,265,273],"gut.":[31],"Infected":[32],"animals":[33,62],"initially":[34,115],"mount":[35],"cell-mediated":[37],"CD4":[38],"T":[39,234],"cell":[40,235],"response":[41,58,65,79,118,131,155,199,256],"against":[42],"MAP":[43,67,133,258],"which":[44,187,197],"characterized":[46],"production":[49],"interferon":[51],"gamma":[52],"(Th1":[53],"response).":[54,72],"Over":[55],"time,":[56],"Th1":[57,76,101,117,198],"diminishes":[59],"most":[61],"antibody":[64,157],"to":[66,77,107,132,143,150,156,165,257],"antigens":[68],"becomes":[69,200],"dominant":[70],"(Th2":[71],"The":[73],"switch":[74,96,151,171],"from":[75],"Th2":[78,103],"occurs":[80],"concomitantly":[81],"with":[82],"progression":[84],"shedding":[86],"bacteria":[89,142],"feces.":[91],"Mechanisms":[92],"controlling":[93],"this":[94],"Th1/Th2":[95,170,178,216],"remain":[97],"poorly":[98],"understood.":[99],"Because":[100],"responses":[104,179,189,217],"are":[105],"known":[106],"cross-inhibit":[108,190],"each":[109,191],"other,":[110,192],"it":[111],"unclear":[113],"why":[114],"strong":[116],"lost":[120],"over":[121,202],"time.":[122,203],"Using":[123],"novel":[125,240],"mathematical":[126,241],"model":[127,206,242],"immune":[130,188,255],"we":[135],"show":[136],"that":[137,250],"ability":[139],"extracellular":[141],"persist":[144],"outside":[145],"naturally":[148],"leads":[149],"cellular":[154],"production.":[158],"Several":[159],"additional":[160],"mechanisms":[161],"may":[162],"also":[163],"contribute":[164],"timing":[167],"including":[172],"rate":[174,195],"proliferation":[176],"at":[180,186,196],"site":[182],"infection,":[184],"efficiency":[185,230],"exhausted":[201],"Our":[204],"basic":[205],"reasonably":[207],"well":[208],"explains":[209],"four":[210],"different":[211],"kinetic":[212],"patterns":[213],"MAP-infected":[219],"sheep":[220],"variability":[222],"initial":[225],"bacterial":[226,246],"dose":[227],"MAP-specific":[233],"responses.":[236],"Taken":[237],"together,":[238],"our":[239],"identifies":[243],"factors":[244],"host":[248],"origin":[249],"drive":[251],"kinetics":[252],"provides":[260],"basis":[262],"for":[263],"testing":[264],"impact":[266],"vaccination":[268],"or":[269],"early":[270],"treatment":[271],"on":[272],"duration":[274],"infection.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}