{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2083426690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000719","title":"Specialization Can Drive the Evolution of Modularity","display_name":"Specialization Can Drive the Evolution of Modularity","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2083426690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000719","mag":"2083426690","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20360969"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000719","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000719&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000719&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065785449","display_name":"Carlos Espinosa\u2010Soto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9753-5807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12708293","display_name":"SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics","ror":"https://ror.org/002n09z45","country_code":"CH","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Espinosa-Soto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. c.espinosa@bioc.uzh.ch","Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","The Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. c.espinosa@bioc.uzh.ch","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079730045","display_name":"Andreas Wagner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4299-3840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12708293","display_name":"SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics","ror":"https://ror.org/002n09z45","country_code":"CH","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308548392","display_name":"Santa Fe Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01arysc35","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308548392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America","The Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308548392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065785449"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12708293","https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":6.9407,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":206,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97782201,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"e1000719","last_page":"e1000719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10604","display_name":"RNA Research and Splicing","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10222","display_name":"Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modularity","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","score":0.9682903289794922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.7242884635925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.6157216429710388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.5707533359527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-regulatory-network","display_name":"Gene regulatory network","score":0.5258769989013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-developmental-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary developmental biology","score":0.48080697655677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.455434650182724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","score":0.4246794581413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.37276917695999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29704004526138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.24277496337890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression","display_name":"Gene expression","score":0.15309691429138184}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.9682903289794922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.7242884635925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6157216429710388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5707533359527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67339327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502576","display_name":"Gene regulatory network","level":4,"score":0.5258769989013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168601633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1044484","display_name":"Evolutionary developmental biology","level":2,"score":0.48080697655677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.455434650182724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.4246794581413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.37276917695999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29704004526138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.24277496337890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.15309691429138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005786","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005786","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005786","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005786","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005796","descriptor_name":"Genes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005796","descriptor_name":"Genes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005796","descriptor_name":"Genes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005796","descriptor_name":"Genes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000719","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000719&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20360969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20360969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:35362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Espinosa-Soto, C; Wagner, A  (2010). Specialization can drive the evolution of modularity.  PLoS Computational Biology, 6(3):e1000719.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.355.4151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.355.4151","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/60/8c/PLoS_Comput_Biol_2010_Mar_26_6(3)_e1000719.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3664063a15f0454ca951b2c634be3788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3664063a15f0454ca951b2c634be3788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 6, Iss 3, p e1000719 (2010)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/144116","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/Specialization_Can_Drive_the_Evolution_of_Modularity/144116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dataset"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2847948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2847948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.5167/uzh-35362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-35362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051291","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich, ZORA","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000719","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000719&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1323383031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7/2007-2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4104599821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7/2007-2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G512920712","display_name":"Evolutionary epidemiology of mobile DNA","funder_award_id":"119697","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8418943240","display_name":"Evolutionary epidemiology of mobile DNA","funder_award_id":"116814","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327577","display_name":"SystemsX.ch","ror":"https://ror.org/02s09gf16"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2083426690.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2083426690.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136556473","https://openalex.org/W234963275","https://openalex.org/W1487920553","https://openalex.org/W1540898082","https://openalex.org/W1591423336","https://openalex.org/W1594494166","https://openalex.org/W1601043516","https://openalex.org/W1623155147","https://openalex.org/W1644749979","https://openalex.org/W1964343149","https://openalex.org/W1965016854","https://openalex.org/W1972853186","https://openalex.org/W1982583288","https://openalex.org/W1990049285","https://openalex.org/W1990139847","https://openalex.org/W1998145380","https://openalex.org/W2000163865","https://openalex.org/W2002574233","https://openalex.org/W2008076022","https://openalex.org/W2012399832","https://openalex.org/W2015953751","https://openalex.org/W2017987256","https://openalex.org/W2022730625","https://openalex.org/W2031766495","https://openalex.org/W2032074345","https://openalex.org/W2036338631","https://openalex.org/W2038836884","https://openalex.org/W2043168428","https://openalex.org/W2045396155","https://openalex.org/W2072977772","https://openalex.org/W2076180442","https://openalex.org/W2078790454","https://openalex.org/W2086391970","https://openalex.org/W2095293504","https://openalex.org/W2097324875","https://openalex.org/W2102216585","https://openalex.org/W2104827888","https://openalex.org/W2105557836","https://openalex.org/W2108726522","https://openalex.org/W2111642621","https://openalex.org/W2111857816","https://openalex.org/W2119138198","https://openalex.org/W2123257600","https://openalex.org/W2126487485","https://openalex.org/W2126606094","https://openalex.org/W2127754721","https://openalex.org/W2128366083","https://openalex.org/W2129892840","https://openalex.org/W2137683543","https://openalex.org/W2141368462","https://openalex.org/W2141545875","https://openalex.org/W2142170851","https://openalex.org/W2147835081","https://openalex.org/W2151936673","https://openalex.org/W2155186053","https://openalex.org/W2155929831","https://openalex.org/W2156153879","https://openalex.org/W2157523980","https://openalex.org/W2158128075","https://openalex.org/W2167190345","https://openalex.org/W2167415035","https://openalex.org/W2168338628","https://openalex.org/W2172780200","https://openalex.org/W2321083556","https://openalex.org/W2331030820","https://openalex.org/W2506868775","https://openalex.org/W3122143681","https://openalex.org/W4210777595","https://openalex.org/W4229809574","https://openalex.org/W4241088457","https://openalex.org/W4241784963","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6725115185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2297768894","https://openalex.org/W2378076731","https://openalex.org/W3109014690","https://openalex.org/W2122405502","https://openalex.org/W2114254072","https://openalex.org/W2127721729","https://openalex.org/W2884798239","https://openalex.org/W1531253727","https://openalex.org/W2366669483","https://openalex.org/W2333635112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Organismal":[0],"development":[1],"and":[2,24,51,133,155],"many":[3,19],"cell":[4],"biological":[5],"processes":[6],"are":[7,94],"organized":[8],"in":[9,67,75,84,104,120,129],"a":[10,22,35,80,105,111,160,189],"modular":[11],"fashion,":[12],"where":[13],"regulatory":[14,77,92],"molecules":[15],"form":[16],"groups":[17,146],"with":[18],"interactions":[20,26],"within":[21,34],"group":[23],"few":[25],"between":[27,144],"groups.":[28],"Thus,":[29],"the":[30,46,153,177],"activity":[31,100,122,182,187],"of":[32,42,48,52,82,147,157,179,192],"elements":[33,40],"module":[36],"depends":[37],"little":[38],"on":[39,59,166],"outside":[41],"it.":[43],"Modularity":[44],"facilitates":[45],"production":[47],"heritable":[49],"variation":[50],"evolutionary":[53,193],"innovations.":[54,194],"There":[55],"is":[56,163],"no":[57],"consensus":[58],"how":[60,172],"modularity":[61,72,138,158,173],"might":[62],"evolve,":[63],"especially":[64],"for":[65],"modules":[66],"development.":[68],"We":[69,169],"show":[70,126,171],"that":[71,102,116,125,137,162],"can":[73,151,174],"increase":[74],"gene":[76,85,91,99,121,130,181,186],"networks":[78,93],"as":[79],"byproduct":[81],"specialization":[83,88,119],"activity.":[86],"Such":[87],"occurs":[89],"after":[90,118],"selected":[95],"to":[96,183],"produce":[97],"new":[98,185],"patterns":[101],"appear":[103],"specific":[106,112],"body":[107],"structure":[108],"or":[109],"under":[110],"environmental":[113,167],"condition.":[114],"Modules":[115],"arise":[117],"comprise":[123],"genes":[124],"concerted":[127],"changes":[128],"activities.":[131],"This":[132],"other":[134],"observations":[135],"suggest":[136],"evolves":[139],"because":[140],"it":[141],"decreases":[142],"interference":[143],"different":[145],"genes.":[148],"Our":[149],"work":[150],"explain":[152],"appearance":[154],"maintenance":[156],"through":[159],"mechanism":[161],"not":[164],"contingent":[165],"change.":[168],"also":[170],"facilitate":[175],"co-option,":[176],"utilization":[178],"existing":[180],"build":[184],"patterns,":[188],"frequent":[190],"feature":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
