{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2071456231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000459","title":"Strong Inference for Systems Biology","display_name":"Strong Inference for Systems Biology","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2071456231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000459","mag":"2071456231","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19714210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000459","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000459&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000459&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054763364","display_name":"Daniel Beard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0974-2353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204308271","display_name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","ror":"https://ror.org/00qqv6244","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel A. Beard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America.dbeard@mcw.edu","Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America.dbeard@mcw.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057246860","display_name":"Martin J. Kushmerick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin J. Kushmerick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America","University of Washington"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054763364"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":3.1005,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91874774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"8","first_page":"e1000459","last_page":"e1000459"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10301","display_name":"Mitochondrial Function and Pathology","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10301","display_name":"Mitochondrial Function and Pathology","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10836","display_name":"Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10932","display_name":"Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.8518304228782654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-biology","display_name":"Systems biology","score":0.5587669610977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5036057829856873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4992704391479492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-metabolism","display_name":"Energy metabolism","score":0.45652902126312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.43442660570144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-inference","display_name":"Statistical inference","score":0.4154580533504486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3221045732498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.3001502752304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.2576196789741516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23162373900413513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13443529605865479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.1306065320968628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.8518304228782654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152662350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815297","display_name":"Systems biology","level":2,"score":0.5587669610977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5036057829856873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4992704391479492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986317502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570714","display_name":"Energy metabolism","level":2,"score":0.45652902126312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.43442660570144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134261354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical inference","level":2,"score":0.4154580533504486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3221045732498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3001502752304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.2576196789741516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23162373900413513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13443529605865479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1306065320968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000255","descriptor_name":"Adenosine Triphosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000255","descriptor_name":"Adenosine Triphosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000255","descriptor_name":"Adenosine Triphosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000255","descriptor_name":"Adenosine Triphosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004734","descriptor_name":"Energy Metabolism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004734","descriptor_name":"Energy Metabolism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004734","descriptor_name":"Energy Metabolism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004734","descriptor_name":"Energy Metabolism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006868","descriptor_name":"Hydrolysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006868","descriptor_name":"Hydrolysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006868","descriptor_name":"Hydrolysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006868","descriptor_name":"Hydrolysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007700","descriptor_name":"Kinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007700","descriptor_name":"Kinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007700","descriptor_name":"Kinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007700","descriptor_name":"Kinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012586","descriptor_name":"Science","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012586","descriptor_name":"Science","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012586","descriptor_name":"Science","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012586","descriptor_name":"Science","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049490","descriptor_name":"Systems Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049490","descriptor_name":"Systems Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049490","descriptor_name":"Systems Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049490","descriptor_name":"Systems Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049490","descriptor_name":"Systems Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049490","descriptor_name":"Systems Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049490","descriptor_name":"Systems Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049490","descriptor_name":"Systems Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000459","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000459&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19714210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19714210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.558.4704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.558.4704","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.imagwiki.nibib.nih.gov/mediawiki/images/1/13/BeardSISB.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pcbi00:1000459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cbb3b5676c93487787a9641418d94dae","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cbb3b5676c93487787a9641418d94dae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 5, Iss 8, p e1000459 (2009)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2724742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2724742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000459","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000459&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4641297321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HL072011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6857156461","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"072011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2071456231.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2071456231.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W183528426","https://openalex.org/W185383216","https://openalex.org/W1496826797","https://openalex.org/W1520111674","https://openalex.org/W1536152882","https://openalex.org/W1555165800","https://openalex.org/W1556673174","https://openalex.org/W1568377212","https://openalex.org/W1661549035","https://openalex.org/W1849159432","https://openalex.org/W1970734794","https://openalex.org/W1971919543","https://openalex.org/W1974539041","https://openalex.org/W1975357367","https://openalex.org/W1976675295","https://openalex.org/W1995111069","https://openalex.org/W2003598390","https://openalex.org/W2004464716","https://openalex.org/W2011843627","https://openalex.org/W2012624608","https://openalex.org/W2014781793","https://openalex.org/W2016318224","https://openalex.org/W2028436089","https://openalex.org/W2030396954","https://openalex.org/W2030787092","https://openalex.org/W2031348767","https://openalex.org/W2035087170","https://openalex.org/W2037361270","https://openalex.org/W2042843202","https://openalex.org/W2046495645","https://openalex.org/W2047480488","https://openalex.org/W2052733759","https://openalex.org/W2053116782","https://openalex.org/W2053244202","https://openalex.org/W2054656226","https://openalex.org/W2057861770","https://openalex.org/W2058454177","https://openalex.org/W2058763646","https://openalex.org/W2063084645","https://openalex.org/W2066987581","https://openalex.org/W2071946836","https://openalex.org/W2072466390","https://openalex.org/W2076802214","https://openalex.org/W2077930835","https://openalex.org/W2080760786","https://openalex.org/W2086504877","https://openalex.org/W2089538133","https://openalex.org/W2114000470","https://openalex.org/W2125635312","https://openalex.org/W2126455025","https://openalex.org/W2126652340","https://openalex.org/W2129086182","https://openalex.org/W2129533522","https://openalex.org/W2132296608","https://openalex.org/W2134506141","https://openalex.org/W2143753516","https://openalex.org/W2145094126","https://openalex.org/W2149286795","https://openalex.org/W2153985164","https://openalex.org/W2160317546","https://openalex.org/W2206662288","https://openalex.org/W2214334965","https://openalex.org/W2258885649","https://openalex.org/W2276148590","https://openalex.org/W2281889878","https://openalex.org/W2285985315","https://openalex.org/W2298517292","https://openalex.org/W2397671537","https://openalex.org/W2408872949","https://openalex.org/W2416479802","https://openalex.org/W2418706381","https://openalex.org/W2418955264"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055243143","https://openalex.org/W4321636575","https://openalex.org/W2357796999","https://openalex.org/W2045526782","https://openalex.org/W2741131631","https://openalex.org/W137830373","https://openalex.org/W3000984192","https://openalex.org/W4286952477","https://openalex.org/W4321348134","https://openalex.org/W2103073163"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Platt's":[0,67],"essay":[1,36],"on":[2,24,152,175],"strong":[3,78,196],"inference":[4,79,182],"[Platt,":[5],"J.R.,":[6],"1964.":[7],"Science":[8],"146,":[9],"347-353]":[10],"illuminates":[11],"a":[12,143,193,210,245,283,306],"rational":[13],"approach":[14,48],"to":[15,51,65,87,122,186,243,257],"scientific":[16,147,270],"inquiry":[17,148],"that":[18,45,58,183,261],"integrates":[19],"seamlessly":[20],"with":[21,103,217],"current":[22,40],"investigations":[23],"the":[25,34,46,60,63,112,116,125,156,167,171,176,200,234,239,250,259,269,288],"operation":[26],"of":[27,39,77,115,127,155,170,180,195,215,222,233,268,310],"complex":[28],"biological":[29],"systems.":[30],"Yet":[31],"in":[32,37,91,120,124,150,160,166],"reexamining":[33],"1964":[35],"light":[38],"trends,":[41],"it":[42,55],"is":[43,56,83,96,118],"apparent":[44],"groundbreaking":[47],"has":[49],"failed":[50],"become":[52],"universal.":[53],"Here":[54],"argued":[57],"both":[59],"opportunity":[61],"and":[62,85,163,263,292,301],"need":[64],"follow":[66],"advice":[68],"are":[69,298,316],"now":[70],"greater":[71],"than":[72],"ever.":[73],"A":[74,137],"revised":[75],"method":[76,179,194,271],"for":[80,146],"sys-tems":[81],"biology":[82,162],"presented":[84],"applied":[86,198],"analyze":[88],"longstanding":[89],"questions":[90,109],"cardiac":[92],"energy":[93],"metabolism.":[94],"It":[95],"shown":[97],"how":[98,111],"this":[99,274],"logical":[100],"framework":[101],"combined":[102],"computational-based":[104],"hypothesis":[105],"testing":[106],"illumi-nates":[107],"unresolved":[108],"regarding":[110],"energetic":[113],"state":[114],"heart":[117],"maintained":[119],"response":[121],"changes":[123],"rate":[126],"ATP":[128],"hydrolysis.":[129],"Part":[130],"1.":[131],"Philosophical":[132],"Framework":[133],"Platt\u2019s":[134,295],"Strong":[135],"Inference":[136],"half":[138],"century":[139],"ago":[140],"Platt":[141,191,318],"proposed":[142,192],"formal":[144],"schema":[145],"based,":[149],"part,":[151],"his":[153],"assess-ment":[154],"rapid":[157],"progress":[158],"made":[159],"molecular":[161],"theoretical":[164],"physics":[165],"middle":[168],"part":[169],"twentieth":[172],"century.":[173],"Building":[174],"\u201csimple":[177],"old-fashioned":[178],"inductive":[181],"goes":[184],"back":[185],"Francis":[187],"Bacon":[188],"\u201d":[189],"[1],":[190],"inference,":[197],"through":[199],"following":[201],"logi-cal":[202],"sequence:":[203],"\u201c1.":[204],"Devising":[205,209],"alternative":[206,218],"hypotheses;":[207,235],"2.":[208],"crucial":[211],"experiment":[212,240],"(or":[213],"several":[214],"them),":[216],"possible":[219],"outcomes,":[220],"each":[221],"which":[223],"will,":[224],"as":[225,227,242],"nearly":[226],"possible,":[228],"exclude":[229],"one":[230],"or":[231,254],"more":[232,307],"3.":[236],"Carrying":[237],"out":[238],"so":[241,264],"get":[244],"clean":[246],"result;":[247],"1\u2019.":[248],"Recycling":[249],"procedure,":[251],"making":[252],"subhypotheses":[253],"sequential":[255],"hypotheses":[256,297],"refine":[258],"possibilities":[260],"remain;":[262],"on.\u201d1":[265],"Current":[266],"use":[267],"ideally":[272],"applies":[273],"logic,":[275],"but":[276],"all":[277,314],"too":[278],"often":[279],"work":[280],"stagnates":[281],"at":[282],"par-ticular":[284],"step":[285],"without":[286],"completing":[287],"cycle.":[289],"In":[290],"adopting":[291],"effectively":[293],"applying":[294],"steps,":[296],"systematically":[299],"disproved":[300],"refined,":[302],"successively":[303],"moving":[304],"toward":[305],"complete":[308],"understanding":[309],"1":[311],"Where":[312],"unattributed,":[313],"quotations":[315],"from":[317],"[1].":[319]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}