{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010770291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000286","title":"The Temporal Winner-Take-All Readout","display_name":"The Temporal Winner-Take-All Readout","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010770291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000286","mag":"2010770291","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19229309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000286","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000286","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000286&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000286&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068950852","display_name":"Maoz Shamir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1489-6704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maoz Shamir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. shmaoz@bgu.ac.il","Department of Physiology and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. shmaoz@bgu.ac.il","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068950852"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":0.844,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71881889,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"e1000286","last_page":"e1000286"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10971","display_name":"Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","score":0.7123070359230042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5918941497802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.3389618396759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2364802360534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.20639625191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.14565861225128174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7123070359230042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5918941497802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3389618396759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2364802360534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.20639625191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14565861225128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009435","descriptor_name":"Synaptic Transmission","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009435","descriptor_name":"Synaptic Transmission","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009435","descriptor_name":"Synaptic Transmission","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000286","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000286","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000286&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19229309","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19229309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.359.3144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.359.3144","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/e9/1f/PLoS_Comput_Biol_2009_Feb_20_5(2)_e1000286.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pcbi00:1000286","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:926aaedb11704e6989e95d6b552d1d96","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/926aaedb11704e6989e95d6b552d1d96","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 5, Iss 2, p e1000286 (2009)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2633619","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2633619","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000286","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000286","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000286&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323051","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2010770291.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2010770291.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60166153","https://openalex.org/W287301238","https://openalex.org/W1507800616","https://openalex.org/W1572063013","https://openalex.org/W1657347807","https://openalex.org/W1860783201","https://openalex.org/W1917304233","https://openalex.org/W1938785624","https://openalex.org/W1971906596","https://openalex.org/W1976877678","https://openalex.org/W1977780807","https://openalex.org/W1978891081","https://openalex.org/W1979551625","https://openalex.org/W1991742821","https://openalex.org/W1998050452","https://openalex.org/W2004478098","https://openalex.org/W2015253730","https://openalex.org/W2022449097","https://openalex.org/W2029597338","https://openalex.org/W2037030438","https://openalex.org/W2040771604","https://openalex.org/W2060561757","https://openalex.org/W2066218718","https://openalex.org/W2073146521","https://openalex.org/W2086955166","https://openalex.org/W2088321675","https://openalex.org/W2102787760","https://openalex.org/W2107662531","https://openalex.org/W2108902061","https://openalex.org/W2115831804","https://openalex.org/W2127388521","https://openalex.org/W2133671888","https://openalex.org/W2134036280","https://openalex.org/W2136079526","https://openalex.org/W2140353110","https://openalex.org/W2150367061","https://openalex.org/W2152637387","https://openalex.org/W2153055152","https://openalex.org/W2154191107","https://openalex.org/W2154641850","https://openalex.org/W2157154487","https://openalex.org/W2158626088","https://openalex.org/W2168904237","https://openalex.org/W2296734379","https://openalex.org/W2484638602","https://openalex.org/W2621066860","https://openalex.org/W4214871172","https://openalex.org/W4233608341","https://openalex.org/W4241653134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123471250","https://openalex.org/W2035947495","https://openalex.org/W2093087336","https://openalex.org/W2085230654","https://openalex.org/W2065258794","https://openalex.org/W2374766880","https://openalex.org/W2415217866","https://openalex.org/W2042263265","https://openalex.org/W1507350045","https://openalex.org/W2061212356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"How":[0,131],"can":[1,197,269,280,301],"the":[2,16,19,35,49,65,72,96,108,111,115,119,123,129,134,139,147,161,167,172,178,183,199,202,207,214,242,244,248,251,254,259,271,278,305],"central":[3],"nervous":[4],"system":[5],"make":[6],"accurate":[7,132,284],"decisions":[8],"about":[9],"external":[10,82,97],"stimuli":[11],"at":[12],"short":[13],"times":[14,193],"on":[15,234],"basis":[17],"of":[18,22,37,57,67,75,95,114,149,169,182,194,201,209,241,253,256,274,291,297],"noisy":[20],"responses":[21,285],"nerve":[23,77],"cell":[24,78,85,116],"populations?":[25],"It":[26],"has":[27,217,230],"been":[28,218],"suggested":[29],"that":[30,117,141,157,216,226],"spike":[31,121],"time":[32],"latency":[33],"is":[34,62,86,110,133],"source":[36],"fast":[38,46,165,282],"decisions.":[39],"Here,":[40],"we":[41],"propose":[42],"a":[43,55,68,76,89,92,231,239,288,298],"simple":[44,267],"and":[45,53,152,263,283],"readout":[47],"mechanism,":[48],"temporal":[50],"Winner-Take-All":[51],"(tWTA),":[52],"undertake":[54],"study":[56],"its":[58],"accuracy.":[59,236],"The":[60,104],"tWTA":[61,105,135,158,203,235,279],"studied":[63],"in":[64,122,171,175,191,206,220,295],"framework":[66],"statistical":[69],"model":[70],"for":[71,99,107],"dynamic":[73],"response":[74],"population":[79,221],"to":[80,160,177,213],"an":[81],"stimulus.":[83],"Each":[84],"characterized":[87],"by":[88,250],"preferred":[90,112],"stimulus,":[91],"unique":[93],"value":[94],"stimulus":[98,109,113,162,249,300],"which":[100,246],"it":[101],"responds":[102],"fastest.":[103],"estimate":[106],"fired":[118],"first":[120,260],"entire":[124],"population.":[125],"We":[126,155,224,237],"then":[127],"pose":[128],"questions:":[130],"readout?":[136],"What":[137,145],"are":[138,146],"parameters":[140],"govern":[142],"this":[143,266],"accuracy?":[144],"effects":[148],"noise":[150],"correlations":[151,190],"baseline":[153,227,275],"firing?":[154],"find":[156],"sensitivity":[159,186],"grows":[163],"algebraically":[164],"with":[166,187],"number":[168,290],"cells":[170,196,257],"population,":[173],"N,":[174,211],"contrast":[176],"logarithmic":[179],"slow":[180],"scaling":[181],"conventional":[184],"rate-WTA":[185],"N.":[188],"Noise":[189],"first-spike":[192],"different":[195],"limit":[198,208],"accuracy":[200,294],"readout,":[204],"even":[205],"large":[210],"similar":[212],"effect":[215,233,273],"observed":[219],"coding":[222],"theory.":[223],"show":[225,264],"firing":[228,258],"also":[229],"detrimental":[232,272],"suggest":[238],"generalization":[240,268],"tWTA,":[243],"n-tWTA,":[245],"estimates":[247],"identity":[252],"group":[255],"n":[261],"spikes":[262],"how":[265],"overcome":[270],"firing.":[276],"Thus,":[277],"provide":[281],"discriminating":[286],"between":[287],"small":[289],"alternatives.":[292],"High":[293],"estimation":[296],"continuous":[299],"be":[302],"obtained":[303],"using":[304],"n-tWTA.":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}