{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087661010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000025","title":"Neural Coding of Natural Stimuli: Information at Sub-Millisecond Resolution","display_name":"Neural Coding of Natural Stimuli: Information at Sub-Millisecond Resolution","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087661010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000025","mag":"2087661010","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18369423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000025","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000025&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000025&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071388278","display_name":"Ilya Nemenman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3024-4244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131040","display_name":"Los Alamos National Security (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/037ddaj94","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ilya Nemenman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Computational, and Statistical Sciences Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America. nemenman@lanl.gov","Computer, Computational, and Statistical Sciences Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Computational, and Statistical Sciences Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America. nemenman@lanl.gov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I4210131040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Computational, and Statistical Sciences Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110277044","display_name":"Geoffrey D. Lewen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801475563","display_name":"Hun School of Princeton","ror":"https://ror.org/008t32k41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801475563"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey D. Lewen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hun School of Princeton, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hun School of Princeton, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801475563"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010379923","display_name":"William Bialek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7823-3862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Bialek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America","Lewis\u2013Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lewis\u2013Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021949300","display_name":"Rob R. de Ruyter van Steveninck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4165-3528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rob R. de Ruyter van Steveninck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071388278"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I4210131040"],"apc_list":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"apc_paid":{"value":2655,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2655},"fwci":3.8565,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":152,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9470684,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"e1000025","last_page":"e1000025"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10423","display_name":"Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10423","display_name":"Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6077202558517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millisecond","display_name":"Millisecond","score":0.577473521232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-coding","display_name":"Neural coding","score":0.5454179048538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","score":0.5181954503059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensory-system","display_name":"Sensory system","score":0.46633076667785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.43604058027267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4051145315170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.3428155779838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3358039855957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.29524362087249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23150596022605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20584285259246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1421758234500885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11960861086845398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09104815125465393}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6077202558517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60327585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q723733","display_name":"Millisecond","level":2,"score":0.577473521232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77637269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002051","display_name":"Neural coding","level":2,"score":0.5454179048538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5181954503059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94487597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101","display_name":"Sensory system","level":2,"score":0.46633076667785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.43604058027267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4051145315170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.3428155779838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3358039855957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.29524362087249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23150596022605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20584285259246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1421758234500885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11960861086845398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09104815125465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004175","descriptor_name":"Diptera","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004175","descriptor_name":"Diptera","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004175","descriptor_name":"Diptera","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009039","descriptor_name":"Motion Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009039","descriptor_name":"Motion Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009039","descriptor_name":"Motion Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010786","descriptor_name":"Photoreceptor Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010786","descriptor_name":"Photoreceptor Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010786","descriptor_name":"Photoreceptor Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000025","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000025&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18369423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18369423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.283.1721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.283.1721","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/1a/a3/PLoS_Comput_Biol_2008_Mar_7_4(3)_e1000025.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pcbi00:1000025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8158acb37fd24dd9bbeb6d8dfb853c2b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8158acb37fd24dd9bbeb6d8dfb853c2b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 4, Iss 3, p e1000025 (2008)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1627185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1627185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2265477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2265477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000025","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000025&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1872210597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC52-06NA2539","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2547994518","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PHY99-07949","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G359075050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC52-06NA25396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4077323095","display_name":"QSB: Optimal Information Processing in Biological Networks","funder_award_id":"0425850","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4082562622","display_name":"Optimal computation of flow field variables from natural visual signals","funder_award_id":"0423039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4204363545","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-0423039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5083158263","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC52-06NA25396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5657628048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC52-06NA25396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G928841278","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"contract DE-AC52-06NA25396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332500","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337427","display_name":"Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087661010.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087661010.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25255938","https://openalex.org/W1494334782","https://openalex.org/W1544162067","https://openalex.org/W1565684471","https://openalex.org/W1580864686","https://openalex.org/W1594210692","https://openalex.org/W1642384772","https://openalex.org/W1784695092","https://openalex.org/W1843946745","https://openalex.org/W1911130548","https://openalex.org/W1920952237","https://openalex.org/W1967179842","https://openalex.org/W1971361984","https://openalex.org/W1984931175","https://openalex.org/W1992536060","https://openalex.org/W1998596805","https://openalex.org/W2007344132","https://openalex.org/W2008551287","https://openalex.org/W2036677060","https://openalex.org/W2041404167","https://openalex.org/W2047810995","https://openalex.org/W2050541262","https://openalex.org/W2066905947","https://openalex.org/W2072091291","https://openalex.org/W2079656678","https://openalex.org/W2089316513","https://openalex.org/W2091174269","https://openalex.org/W2097173970","https://openalex.org/W2097560155","https://openalex.org/W2097636360","https://openalex.org/W2102985846","https://openalex.org/W2105848238","https://openalex.org/W2109084388","https://openalex.org/W2109584604","https://openalex.org/W2113335883","https://openalex.org/W2114771311","https://openalex.org/W2117509237","https://openalex.org/W2118521279","https://openalex.org/W2119868454","https://openalex.org/W2128822763","https://openalex.org/W2132250852","https://openalex.org/W2135356538","https://openalex.org/W2145037783","https://openalex.org/W2146502717","https://openalex.org/W2151387592","https://openalex.org/W2168282601","https://openalex.org/W2333525369","https://openalex.org/W2418343484","https://openalex.org/W2499653599","https://openalex.org/W2736230390","https://openalex.org/W2921629193","https://openalex.org/W2950632515","https://openalex.org/W2952537325","https://openalex.org/W2993383518","https://openalex.org/W3100317142","https://openalex.org/W4248420421","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6637868160","https://openalex.org/W6648982606","https://openalex.org/W6669517917","https://openalex.org/W6670271065","https://openalex.org/W6674609164","https://openalex.org/W6674669923","https://openalex.org/W6740917271","https://openalex.org/W6929487164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368158069","https://openalex.org/W2074671889","https://openalex.org/W2129058931","https://openalex.org/W2489894763","https://openalex.org/W2326371383","https://openalex.org/W2117860500","https://openalex.org/W2136511370","https://openalex.org/W176629368","https://openalex.org/W2065031478","https://openalex.org/W1539683305"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sensory":[0],"information":[1,95,117,193,213],"about":[2,25,93],"the":[3,26,30,39,42,49,53,94,102,123,133,154,170,191,219,225,237,240,245],"outside":[4],"world":[5],"is":[6,22,36,107],"encoded":[7],"by":[8,120],"neurons":[9,51],"in":[10,79,200,212],"sequences":[11],"of":[12,33,41,52,97,104,115,122,140,146,157,163,172,182,227,244],"discrete,":[13],"identical":[14],"pulses":[15],"termed":[16],"action":[17],"potentials":[18],"or":[19],"spikes.":[20],"There":[21],"persistent":[23],"controversy":[24],"extent":[27],"to":[28,38,66,74,88,160,179,247],"which":[29,76],"precise":[31],"timing":[32,148,156],"these":[34,164],"spikes":[35,158],"relevant":[37,185],"function":[40],"brain.":[43],"We":[44,110],"revisit":[45],"this":[46],"issue,":[47],"using":[48],"motion-sensitive":[50],"fly":[54],"visual":[55,71,116,188],"system":[56,238],"as":[57],"a":[58,137,254],"test":[59],"case.":[60],"Our":[61],"experimental":[62],"methods":[63,85],"allow":[64,86],"us":[65,87],"deliver":[67],"more":[68,90,255],"nearly":[69],"natural":[70,187,198],"stimuli,":[72],"comparable":[73],"those":[75],"flies":[77],"encounter":[78],"free,":[80],"acrobatic":[81],"flight.":[82],"New":[83],"mathematical":[84],"draw":[89],"reliable":[91],"conclusions":[92],"content":[96],"neural":[98,183,257],"responses":[99,106],"even":[100,131,217],"when":[101,218],"set":[103],"possible":[105,178],"very":[108],"large.":[109],"find":[111],"that":[112,209,236],"significant":[113],"amounts":[114],"are":[118,222],"represented":[119],"details":[121],"spike":[124,147],"train":[125],"at":[126],"millisecond":[127],"and":[128,153,251],"sub-millisecond":[129],"precision,":[130],"though":[132],"sensory":[134],"input":[135],"has":[136],"correlation":[138],"time":[139],"approximately":[141],"55":[142],"ms;":[143],"different":[144],"patterns":[145],"represent":[149],"distinct":[150],"motion":[151],"trajectories,":[152],"absolute":[155],"points":[159],"particular":[161],"features":[162,181],"trajectories":[165],"with":[166,197],"high":[167],"precision.":[168],"Finally,":[169],"efficiency":[171],"our":[173],"entropy":[174],"estimator":[175],"makes":[176],"it":[177],"uncover":[180],"coding":[184,249],"for":[186],"stimuli:":[189],"first,":[190],"system's":[192],"transmission":[194],"rate":[195,214],"varies":[196],"fluctuations":[199],"light":[201],"intensity,":[202],"resulting":[203],"from":[204],"varying":[205],"cloud":[206],"cover,":[207],"such":[208],"marginal":[210],"increases":[211],"thus":[215],"occur":[216],"individual":[220],"photoreceptors":[221],"counting":[223],"on":[224],"order":[226],"one":[228],"million":[229],"photons":[230],"per":[231],"second.":[232],"Secondly,":[233],"we":[234],"see":[235],"exploits":[239],"relatively":[241],"slow":[242],"dynamics":[243],"stimulus":[246],"remove":[248],"redundancy":[250],"so":[252],"generate":[253],"efficient":[256],"code.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
