{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138314036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030213","title":"Ten Simple Rules for Doing Your Best Research, According to Hamming","display_name":"Ten Simple Rules for Doing Your Best Research, According to Hamming","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138314036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030213","mag":"2138314036","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17967054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030213","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030213&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030213&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028138187","display_name":"Thomas C. Erren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7110-1031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas C. Erren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute and Policlinic for Occupational and Social Medicine , School of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Cologne , Ko \u00a8ln , Lindenthal , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute and Policlinic for Occupational and Social Medicine , School of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Cologne , Ko \u00a8ln , Lindenthal , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014082610","display_name":"Paul Cullen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Cullen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute and Policlinic for Occupational and Social Medicine , School of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Cologne , Ko \u00a8ln , Lindenthal , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute and Policlinic for Occupational and Social Medicine , School of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Cologne , Ko \u00a8ln , Lindenthal , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030160890","display_name":"Michael Erren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Erren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute and Policlinic for Occupational and Social Medicine , School of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Cologne , Ko \u00a8ln , Lindenthal , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute and Policlinic for Occupational and Social Medicine , School of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Cologne , Ko \u00a8ln , Lindenthal , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075833022","display_name":"Philip E. Bourne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7618-7292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip E. Bourne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute and Policlinic for Occupational and Social Medicine , School of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Cologne , Ko \u00a8ln , Lindenthal , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute and Policlinic for Occupational and Social Medicine , School of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Cologne , Ko \u00a8ln , Lindenthal , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028138187"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"],"apc_list":{"value":3043,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3043},"apc_paid":{"value":3043,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3043},"fwci":0.7427,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79085429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"10","first_page":"e213","last_page":"e213"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.7084529399871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistician","display_name":"Statistician","score":0.7050775289535522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privilege","display_name":"Privilege (computing)","score":0.47955772280693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamming-code","display_name":"Hamming code","score":0.47257745265960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.4641159176826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44369786977767944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4132625460624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.34660330414772034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.34410524368286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3313227891921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19037926197052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09004250168800354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7084529399871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779677306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732142","display_name":"Statistician","level":2,"score":0.7050775289535522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780138299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3404265","display_name":"Privilege (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47955772280693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73150493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853922","display_name":"Hamming code","level":4,"score":0.47257745265960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4641159176826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44369786977767944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4132625460624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.34660330414772034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.34410524368286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3313227891921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19037926197052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09004250168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010684","descriptor_name":"Philosophy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010684","descriptor_name":"Philosophy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010684","descriptor_name":"Philosophy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012586","descriptor_name":"Science","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012586","descriptor_name":"Science","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012586","descriptor_name":"Science","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030213","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030213&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17967054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17967054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS computational biology","raw_type":"Editorial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2041981","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2041981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Comput Biol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:99ecf2219123458181791512e2adaae5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/99ecf2219123458181791512e2adaae5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 3, Iss 10, Pp 1839-1840 (2007)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030213","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030213&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86033158","display_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","issn_l":"1553-734X","issn":["1553-734X","1553-7358"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2138314036.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2138314036.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583974672","https://openalex.org/W1984827926","https://openalex.org/W2012280467","https://openalex.org/W2019698558","https://openalex.org/W2070071316","https://openalex.org/W2085885912","https://openalex.org/W2100790938","https://openalex.org/W2110858847","https://openalex.org/W2140896472","https://openalex.org/W2159520166"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W824100292","https://openalex.org/W2131060357","https://openalex.org/W3202295585","https://openalex.org/W406855141","https://openalex.org/W4236342353","https://openalex.org/W2496688599","https://openalex.org/W1964367640","https://openalex.org/W2117187715","https://openalex.org/W74898630","https://openalex.org/W4243849529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"his":[0],"editorial":[1],"can":[2,118,148],"be":[3,119],"considered":[4],"the":[5,8,61,79,82,145,176,184],"preface":[6],"to":[7,28,70,110,128,132],"''Ten":[9,123],"Simple":[10,124],"Rules''":[11],"series":[12],"[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].The":[13],"rules":[14],"presented":[15,44],"here":[16],"are":[17,45,102],"somewhat":[18],"philosophical":[19],"and":[20,52,56,140,172],"behavioural":[21],"rather":[22],"than":[23,161],"concrete":[24],"suggestions":[25,58],"for":[26],"how":[27,69],"tackle":[29],"a":[30,38,41,167],"particular":[31],"scientific":[32],"professional":[33],"activity":[34],"such":[35,181],"as":[36,76,104,107,122,166,183],"writing":[37],"paper":[39],"or":[40],"grant.The":[42],"thoughts":[43,101,114],"not":[46,103],"our":[47],"own;":[48],"rather,":[49],"we":[50,77,126],"condense":[51],"annotate":[53],"some":[54],"excellent":[55],"timeless":[57],"made":[59],"by":[60,89],"mathematician":[62],"Richard":[63,186],"Hamming":[64],"two":[65],"decades":[66],"ago":[67],"on":[68,159],"do":[71,150],"''first-class":[72],"research''":[73],"[8].As":[74],"far":[75],"know,":[78],"transcript":[80],"of":[81,121,164,169,178],"Bell":[83],"Communications":[84],"Research":[85],"Colloquium":[86],"Seminar":[87],"provided":[88],"Dr.":[90,99],"Kaiser":[91],"[8]":[92],"was":[93,137],"never":[94],"formally":[95],"published,":[96],"so":[97],"that":[98,117],"Hamming's":[100],"widely":[105],"known":[106],"they":[108],"deserve":[109],"be.By":[111],"distilling":[112],"these":[113,130],"into":[115],"something":[116],"thought":[120],"Rules,''":[125],"hope":[127],"bring":[129],"ideas":[131],"broader":[133],"attention.Hamming's":[134],"1986":[135],"talk":[136],"remarkable.In":[138],"''You":[139],"Your":[141],"Research,''":[142],"he":[143],"addressed":[144],"question:":[146],"How":[147],"scientists":[149],"great":[151],"research,":[152],"i.e.,":[153],"Nobel-Prize-type":[154],"work?His":[155],"insights":[156],"were":[157],"based":[158],"more":[160],"forty":[162],"years":[163],"research":[165],"pioneer":[168],"computer":[170],"science":[171],"telecommunications":[173],"who":[174],"had":[175],"privilege":[177],"interacting":[179],"with":[180],"luminaries":[182],"physicists":[185],"Feynman,":[187],"Enrico":[188],"Fermi,":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}