{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107766490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2014.m2c.4","title":"Four-Dimensional Modulation Formats for Long-Haul Transmission","display_name":"Four-Dimensional Modulation Formats for Long-Haul Transmission","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107766490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2014.m2c.4","mag":"2107766490"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/ofc.2014.m2c.4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2014.m2c.4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420648","display_name":"Optical Fiber Communication Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optical Fiber Communication Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/195299/local_195299.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021786517","display_name":"Pontus Johannisson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1793-4451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pontus Johannisson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Photonics Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Photonics Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042297660","display_name":"Martin Sj\u00f6din","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4126-4347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Sj\u00f6din","raw_affiliation_strings":["Photonics Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Photonics Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027557013","display_name":"Tobias A. Eriksson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2977-7713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias A. Eriksson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Photonics Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Photonics Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052801826","display_name":"Magnus Karlsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2438-2491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magnus Karlsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Photonics Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Photonics Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021786517"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8366,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68469796,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"M2C.4","last_page":"M2C.4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.7426027655601501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.63878333568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5531514883041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5373645424842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5294843316078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.5287805795669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5114185214042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-transmission","display_name":"Analog transmission","score":0.5017557144165039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4787546992301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4663730263710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4632962644100189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4488530158996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.42032888531684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal","display_name":"Digital signal","score":0.3032619059085846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.22137650847434998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17389744520187378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13171523809432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.11771774291992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.09907850623130798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08594617247581482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.07011350989341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.06733459234237671}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.7426027655601501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.63878333568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5531514883041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5373645424842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5294843316078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.5287805795669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5114185214042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22676131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4751065","display_name":"Analog transmission","level":4,"score":0.5017557144165039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4787546992301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4663730263710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4632962644100189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4488530158996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.42032888531684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52773712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175022","display_name":"Digital signal","level":3,"score":0.3032619059085846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.22137650847434998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17389744520187378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13171523809432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.11771774291992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.09907850623130798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08594617247581482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.07011350989341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.06733459234237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1364/ofc.2014.m2c.4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2014.m2c.4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420648","display_name":"Optical Fiber Communication Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optical Fiber Communication Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:528223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/99ec34e5-0c4e-4f48-9030-f732f8b1787e","pdf_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/195299/local_195299.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.lib.chalmers.se:195299","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/publication/195299-four-dimensional-modulation-formats-for-long-haul-transmission","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196470","display_name":"Chalmers Publication Library (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text.Article.Conference.PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:195299","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/195299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:526502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1364/OFC.2014.M2C.4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:528223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/99ec34e5-0c4e-4f48-9030-f732f8b1787e","pdf_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/195299/local_195299.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2107766490.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2107766490.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971342102","https://openalex.org/W1992038843","https://openalex.org/W2020257280","https://openalex.org/W2054872687","https://openalex.org/W2056670399","https://openalex.org/W2070793330","https://openalex.org/W2089889804","https://openalex.org/W2097987904","https://openalex.org/W2119352491","https://openalex.org/W2123573801","https://openalex.org/W2129940694","https://openalex.org/W2165205968","https://openalex.org/W2168056008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4243177747","https://openalex.org/W3017298994","https://openalex.org/W3048182912","https://openalex.org/W2416214423","https://openalex.org/W2038130735","https://openalex.org/W2377859269","https://openalex.org/W2499433404","https://openalex.org/W2385166811","https://openalex.org/W3017313497","https://openalex.org/W2801021573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"number":[1],"of":[2,14],"four-dimensional":[3],"modulation":[4],"formats":[5],"are":[6],"described":[7],"theoretically":[8],"and":[9,22,28],"from":[10],"an":[11],"implementation":[12],"point":[13],"view.":[15],"The":[16],"requirements":[17],"for":[18],"digital":[19],"signal":[20],"processing":[21],"the":[23],"trade-off":[24],"between":[25],"spectral":[26],"efficiency":[27],"receiver":[29],"sensitivity":[30],"is":[31],"discussed.":[32]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
