{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2078830512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2014.th3k.2","title":"Generation and Transmission of 100-Gb/s PDM 4-PAM Using Directly Modulated VCSELs and Coherent Detection","display_name":"Generation and Transmission of 100-Gb/s PDM 4-PAM Using Directly Modulated VCSELs and Coherent Detection","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2078830512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2014.th3k.2","mag":"2078830512"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/ofc.2014.th3k.2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2014.th3k.2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420648","display_name":"Optical Fiber Communication Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optical Fiber Communication Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081838912","display_name":"Chongjin Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4732-3037"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chongjin Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Labs, Alcatel Lucent, 791 Holmdel-Keyport Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Labs, Alcatel Lucent, 791 Holmdel-Keyport Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010116641","display_name":"Silvia Spiga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6474-2263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160414472","display_name":"Schott (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/000q08p21","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160414472"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Spiga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Walter Schottky Institut, TU M\u00fcnchen, Am Coulombwall, D-85748 Garching, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Walter Schottky Institut, TU M\u00fcnchen, Am Coulombwall, D-85748 Garching, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160414472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053522875","display_name":"Po Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4773-8750"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Po Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Labs, Alcatel Lucent, 791 Holmdel-Keyport Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Labs, Alcatel Lucent, 791 Holmdel-Keyport Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013146659","display_name":"Peter J. Winzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6696-3884"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Winzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Labs, Alcatel Lucent, 791 Holmdel-Keyport Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Labs, Alcatel Lucent, 791 Holmdel-Keyport Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048220151","display_name":"A.H. Gnauck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2547-1346"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alan Gnauck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Labs, Alcatel Lucent, 791 Holmdel-Keyport Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Labs, Alcatel Lucent, 791 Holmdel-Keyport Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035066380","display_name":"Christoph Gr\u00e9us","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152453","display_name":"Vertilas (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/03v9xsr27","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Gr\u00e9us","raw_affiliation_strings":["VERTILAS GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 8, D - 85748 Garching, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VERTILAS GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 8, D - 85748 Garching, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091077779","display_name":"M. Ortsiefer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152453","display_name":"Vertilas (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/03v9xsr27","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Ortsiefer","raw_affiliation_strings":["VERTILAS GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 8, D - 85748 Garching, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VERTILAS GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 8, D - 85748 Garching, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061871154","display_name":"Christian Neumeyr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152453","display_name":"Vertilas (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/03v9xsr27","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Neumeyr","raw_affiliation_strings":["VERTILAS GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 8, D - 85748 Garching, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VERTILAS GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 8, D - 85748 Garching, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024300257","display_name":"Michael M\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7759-3102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160414472","display_name":"Schott (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/000q08p21","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160414472"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Walter Schottky Institut, TU M\u00fcnchen, Am Coulombwall, D-85748 Garching, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Walter Schottky Institut, TU M\u00fcnchen, Am Coulombwall, D-85748 Garching, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160414472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071593078","display_name":"M.-C. Amann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160414472","display_name":"Schott (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/000q08p21","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160414472"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M.-C. Amann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Walter Schottky Institut, TU M\u00fcnchen, Am Coulombwall, D-85748 Garching, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Walter Schottky Institut, TU M\u00fcnchen, Am Coulombwall, D-85748 Garching, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160414472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010116641","https://openalex.org/A5013146659","https://openalex.org/A5024300257","https://openalex.org/A5035066380","https://openalex.org/A5048220151","https://openalex.org/A5053522875","https://openalex.org/A5061871154","https://openalex.org/A5071593078","https://openalex.org/A5081838912","https://openalex.org/A5091077779"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160414472","https://openalex.org/I4210152453"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.8726,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.995383,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"Th3K.2","last_page":"Th3K.2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.5409932732582092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5346535444259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5031606554985046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Polarization-division multiplexing","score":0.4758960008621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4690577983856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-mode-optical-fiber","display_name":"Single-mode optical fiber","score":0.4677671790122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4599759578704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.4531075358390808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4060574173927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.40363067388534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3907725512981415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.3232467770576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.3153403401374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.29562437534332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1929033398628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1382281482219696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.13492238521575928}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.5409932732582092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5346535444259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5031606554985046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780894989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209150","display_name":"Polarization-division multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.4758960008621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4690577983856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180861198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503585","display_name":"Single-mode optical fiber","level":3,"score":0.4677671790122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4599759578704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.4531075358390808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4060574173927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.40363067388534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3907725512981415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.3232467770576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.3153403401374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.29562437534332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1929033398628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1382281482219696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.13492238521575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1364/ofc.2014.th3k.2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2014.th3k.2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420648","display_name":"Optical Fiber Communication Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optical Fiber Communication Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972342121","https://openalex.org/W2009676115","https://openalex.org/W2053189199","https://openalex.org/W2061696995","https://openalex.org/W2075773870","https://openalex.org/W2154506957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037818683","https://openalex.org/W1526007253","https://openalex.org/W1552878617","https://openalex.org/W2019663966","https://openalex.org/W2997808848","https://openalex.org/W2081097405","https://openalex.org/W3015107273","https://openalex.org/W2364685630","https://openalex.org/W2568008019","https://openalex.org/W1996746951"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"generate":[1],"a":[2],"100-Gb/s":[3],"polarization-division-multiplexed":[4],"4-level":[5],"pulse-amplitude-modulation":[6],"signal":[7,19],"with":[8,29],"two":[9],"directly":[10],"modulated":[11],"1.5-\u03bcm":[12],"single-mode":[13],"VCSELs.":[14],"Coherent":[15],"detection":[16],"and":[17],"digital":[18],"processing":[20],"enable":[21],"the":[22],"transmission":[23],"over":[24],"400-km":[25],"standard":[26],"single-mode-fiber":[27],"(SSMF)":[28],"20%":[30],"overhead":[31],"hard-decision":[32],"forward-error-correction.":[33]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
