{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008676481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1305/ndjfl/1093883625","title":"Meaning and interpretation.","display_name":"Meaning and interpretation.","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008676481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1305/ndjfl/1093883625","mag":"2008676481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1305/ndjfl/1093883625","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1305/ndjfl/1093883625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78544662","display_name":"Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic","issn_l":"0029-4527","issn":["0029-4527","1939-0726"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315698","host_organization_name":"Duke University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315698","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University Press","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054460735","display_name":"Michael Root","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Root","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035935085","display_name":"John Wallace","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3145-0832"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Wallace","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054460735"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21955456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12558","display_name":"Wittgensteinian philosophy and applications","score":0.15770000219345093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12558","display_name":"Wittgensteinian philosophy and applications","score":0.15770000219345093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.055799998342990875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12133","display_name":"Pragmatism in Philosophy and Education","score":0.028699999675154686,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.680914044380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.5993136167526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.44656968116760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.4128958582878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3390341103076935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32459115982055664}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.680914044380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5993136167526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.44656968116760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4128958582878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3390341103076935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32459115982055664}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1305/ndjfl/1093883625","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1305/ndjfl/1093883625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78544662","display_name":"Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic","issn_l":"0029-4527","issn":["0029-4527","1939-0726"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315698","host_organization_name":"Duke University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315698","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University Press","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CULeuclid:euclid.ndjfl/1093883625","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ndjfl/1093883625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400787","display_name":"Project Euclid (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W138379559","https://openalex.org/W2012084138","https://openalex.org/W2037300690","https://openalex.org/W4233443864","https://openalex.org/W4239691764"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W4245490552","https://openalex.org/W4225152035","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W1587224694","https://openalex.org/W2042127053","https://openalex.org/W2142036596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"called":[0,63],"Russell's":[1,42,85,104],"theory":[2,12,207],"of":[3,7,24,27,41,49,54,99,117,130,163,172,182,189,194,200,204,213,224,242,253,256,266,272,279],"descriptions":[4],"a":[5,57,89,114,149,156,205,248],"\"paradigm":[6],"philosophy\".Russell":[8],"first":[9],"presented":[10],"the":[11,22,25,39,52,67,74,126,145,173,180,187,190,202,211,240,254,267,273,277],"in":[13,73,82,137,170,218,288,292],"his":[14,293],"paper":[15,65,86,142,258],"\"On":[16],"Denoting\",":[17],"and":[18,51,134,269],"for":[19,228,232],"many":[20],"years":[21,37],"course":[23],"philosophy":[26,53,100],"language":[28,55,83,138,195],"was":[29,88,148],"set":[30],"by":[31,113,123,210,283],"this":[32,257],"paper.In":[33],"1951,":[34],"approximately":[35],"fifty":[36],"after":[38],"publication":[40],"famous":[43],"paper,":[44],"Quine":[45],"published":[46],"\"Two":[47],"Dogmas":[48],"Empiricism\"":[50],"took":[56],"radically":[58],"different":[59],"turn.Michael":[60],"Dummett":[61],"has":[62],"Quine's":[64,141,153],"\"probably":[66],"most":[68,265],"important":[69],"philosophical":[70],"article":[71],"written":[72],"last":[75],"half":[76],"century\"":[77],"([7],":[78],"p.":[79],"375).The":[80],"interest":[81,136],"that":[84,101],"prompted":[87],"somewhat":[90],"local":[91],"interest.There":[92],"were":[93,281],"some":[94,118],"central":[95],"or":[96,106,111,120,122,128,161,226,230,234],"prominent":[97],"problems":[98],"philosophers,":[102],"following":[103],"lead":[105],"example,":[107],"sought":[108],"to":[109,125,139,167,179,186,197],"solve":[110],"dissolve":[112],"careful":[115],"analysis":[116],"word":[119],"phrase":[121],"attention":[124],"logic":[127,225],"grammar":[129,227],"words":[131,229],"like":[132],"'the'":[133],"'Scott'.The":[135],"which":[140,289],"led,":[143],"on":[144,152],"other":[146],"hand,":[147],"broader":[150],"interest.Language,":[151],"view,":[154],"is":[155,166,196,208],"single,":[157],"articulated":[158],"structure.The":[159],"importance":[160],"significance":[162],"each":[164],"expression":[165],"be":[168,198],"understood":[169],"terms":[171],"contribution":[174],"it":[175],"makes":[176],"not":[177,217,238],"merely":[178],"understanding":[181,188],"whole":[183],"sentences":[184],"but":[185,216,245],"entire":[191],"language.The":[192],"mastery":[193,203],"thought":[199],"as":[201,247],"theory.The":[206],"tested":[209],"data":[212],"linguistic":[214],"behavior":[215],"any":[219],"piecemeal":[220],"way.Analytical":[221],"hypotheses,":[222],"rules":[223],"phrases,":[231],"adverbs":[233],"denoting":[235],"expressions,":[236],"do":[237],"face":[239],"tribunal":[241],"evidence":[243],"individually":[244],"only":[246],"corporate":[249],"body.*The":[250],"individual":[251],"contributions":[252],"authors":[255],"are":[259],"neither":[260],"equal":[261],"nor":[262],"symmetrical.Root":[263],"did":[264],"thinking":[268],"virtually":[270],"all":[271],"writing.Successive":[274],"drafts,":[275],"over":[276],"summer":[278],"1981,":[280],"shaped":[282],"early":[284],"morning":[285],"running":[286],"conversations":[287],"Wallace":[290],"put":[291],"two":[294],"cents":[295],"worth.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-03T08:47:05.690250","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}