{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049597231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.45.2.142","title":"New Firm Survival: Institutional Explanations for New Franchisor Mortality","display_name":"New Firm Survival: Institutional Explanations for New Franchisor Mortality","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049597231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.45.2.142","mag":"2049597231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1287/mnsc.45.2.142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.45.2.142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.45.2.142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33323087","display_name":"Management Science","issn_l":"0025-1909","issn":["0025-1909","1526-5501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","utd24","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Management Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059930673","display_name":"Scott A. Shane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4908-2321","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4908-2321"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Shane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02146"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02146","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046773081","display_name":"Maw\u2010Der Foo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4887-081X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4887-081X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["SG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maw-Der Foo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02146 and National University of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02146 and National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4433,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":239,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95019243,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"2","first_page":"142","last_page":"159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12933","display_name":"Franchising Strategies and Performance","score":0.7728999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12933","display_name":"Franchising Strategies and Performance","score":0.7728999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10344","display_name":"Management and Organizational Studies","score":0.1136000007390976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.10279999673366547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-firm-survival","display_name":"new firm survival","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/franchisors","display_name":"franchisors","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-legitimacy","display_name":"institutional legitimacy","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socialization","display_name":"socialization","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-design","display_name":"organizational design","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship","display_name":"entrepreneurship","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-theory","display_name":"institutional theory","score":0.38100001215934753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.8619157075881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22614528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721322","display_name":"Survival of the fittest","level":2,"score":0.5926555395126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5838828682899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.45364829897880554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.448862224817276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.43153974413871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3941768407821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13521188497543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.06377246975898743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1287/mnsc.45.2.142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.45.2.142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.45.2.142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33323087","display_name":"Management Science","issn_l":"0025-1909","issn":["0025-1909","1526-5501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","utd24","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Management Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47620001435279846}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6800000071525574}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151157839","https://openalex.org/W1523454398","https://openalex.org/W1550050602","https://openalex.org/W1551653989","https://openalex.org/W1593348544","https://openalex.org/W1684540946","https://openalex.org/W1963964187","https://openalex.org/W1965278510","https://openalex.org/W1970994302","https://openalex.org/W1987016659","https://openalex.org/W1987735095","https://openalex.org/W1992491202","https://openalex.org/W1993663609","https://openalex.org/W1998891651","https://openalex.org/W2007084087","https://openalex.org/W2007413532","https://openalex.org/W2008155564","https://openalex.org/W2020885086","https://openalex.org/W2026999211","https://openalex.org/W2029575940","https://openalex.org/W2035438980","https://openalex.org/W2035647360","https://openalex.org/W2043201255","https://openalex.org/W2052723881","https://openalex.org/W2073567370","https://openalex.org/W2073753770","https://openalex.org/W2076355090","https://openalex.org/W2086527497","https://openalex.org/W2088481355","https://openalex.org/W2092100393","https://openalex.org/W2094678187","https://openalex.org/W2104343118","https://openalex.org/W2124013233","https://openalex.org/W2132999017","https://openalex.org/W2138697880","https://openalex.org/W2143200339","https://openalex.org/W2145767742","https://openalex.org/W2159734550","https://openalex.org/W2271437709","https://openalex.org/W2313363431","https://openalex.org/W2324803269","https://openalex.org/W2502540541","https://openalex.org/W2566856888","https://openalex.org/W3022339544","https://openalex.org/W3123282572","https://openalex.org/W3125898175","https://openalex.org/W4233898295","https://openalex.org/W4236412435","https://openalex.org/W4248053473","https://openalex.org/W4255632349","https://openalex.org/W4299601558","https://openalex.org/W4302341637"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2796452908","https://openalex.org/W2804734454","https://openalex.org/W4206588215","https://openalex.org/W2376700875","https://openalex.org/W3174083885","https://openalex.org/W2904013997","https://openalex.org/W2968672613","https://openalex.org/W2325407422","https://openalex.org/W3044657763","https://openalex.org/W2388185663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Why":[0],"do":[1],"some":[2],"new":[3,12,50,59,82],"firms":[4,13],"succeed":[5],"and":[6,20,36,84],"others":[7],"fail?":[8],"Economists":[9],"argue":[10,37],"that":[11,38,71],"fail":[14],"because":[15],"entrepreneurs":[16],"inefficiently":[17],"manage":[18],"production":[19],"organizational":[21],"design":[22],"(Williamson":[23],"1985).":[24],"Sociologists":[25],"(e.g.,":[26],"Granovetter":[27],"1985)":[28],"have":[29],"typically":[30],"viewed":[31],"this":[32],"explanation":[33],"as":[34],"undersocialized,":[35],"institutional":[39,72],"legitimacy":[40,73],"must":[41],"also":[42],"be":[43],"considered":[44],"to":[45,75],"explain":[46],"the":[47,55,63,79,86],"survival":[48,56,80],"of":[49,57,81,88],"firms.":[51],"This":[52],"paper":[53],"examines":[54],"1292":[58],"franchisors":[60,83],"established":[61],"in":[62],"United":[64],"States":[65],"from":[66],"1979\u20131996.":[67],"The":[68],"results":[69],"show":[70],"adds":[74],"economic":[76],"explanations":[77],"for":[78],"suggests":[85],"importance":[87],"a":[89],"properly":[90],"socialized":[91],"explanation.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
