{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106985416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.47.2.327","title":"Network-Optimized Road Pricing: Part II: Algorithms and Examples","display_name":"Network-Optimized Road Pricing: Part II: Algorithms and Examples","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106985416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.47.2.327","mag":"2106985416"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1287/opre.47.2.327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.47.2.327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125775545","display_name":"Operations Research","issn_l":"0030-364X","issn":["0030-364X","1526-5463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024401546","display_name":"Robert B. Dial","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801373766","display_name":"Volpe National Transportation Systems Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04a2k6j28","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282462722","https://openalex.org/I2801373766"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert B. Dial","raw_affiliation_strings":["Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801373766"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024401546"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801373766"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6371,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94881534,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"2","first_page":"327","last_page":"336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6461403965950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6195223331451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toll","display_name":"Toll","score":0.5590998530387878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/column-generation","display_name":"Column generation","score":0.5503482222557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variational-inequality","display_name":"Variational inequality","score":0.5295938849449158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5214521288871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5162870287895203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-network","display_name":"Flow network","score":0.5012357234954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complementarity","display_name":"Complementarity (molecular biology)","score":0.4590188264846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2452360987663269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6461403965950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6195223331451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778025104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408004","display_name":"Toll","level":2,"score":0.5590998530387878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168956720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3123181","display_name":"Column generation","level":2,"score":0.5503482222557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161999928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4556320","display_name":"Variational inequality","level":2,"score":0.5295938849449158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5214521288871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5162870287895203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114809511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412924","display_name":"Flow network","level":2,"score":0.5012357234954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202269582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2644277","display_name":"Complementarity (molecular biology)","level":2,"score":0.4590188264846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2452360987663269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1287/opre.47.2.327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.47.2.327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125775545","display_name":"Operations Research","issn_l":"0030-364X","issn":["0030-364X","1526-5463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:inm:oropre:v:47:y:1999:i:2:p:327-336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1287/opre.47.2.327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332393","display_name":"Federal Highway Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/0473rr271"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191607929","https://openalex.org/W324295230","https://openalex.org/W1968740528","https://openalex.org/W1973517058","https://openalex.org/W2000151369","https://openalex.org/W2003242535","https://openalex.org/W2005477778","https://openalex.org/W2022773597","https://openalex.org/W2047947171","https://openalex.org/W2057039020","https://openalex.org/W2093246563","https://openalex.org/W2093862823","https://openalex.org/W2116495866","https://openalex.org/W2144192450","https://openalex.org/W2155370486","https://openalex.org/W2235269566","https://openalex.org/W2338905098","https://openalex.org/W2764937720","https://openalex.org/W4378195498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2757240192","https://openalex.org/W592613903","https://openalex.org/W2087962169","https://openalex.org/W2081855421","https://openalex.org/W2358980452","https://openalex.org/W4387035774","https://openalex.org/W3173086713","https://openalex.org/W4306808646","https://openalex.org/W2170392562","https://openalex.org/W3003724866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"conclusion":[1],"of":[2,15,28],"a":[3,13,19,25,38,43,52,77,109,153,166],"two-part":[4],"series,":[5],"this":[6,113],"paper":[7,114],"devises":[8],"an":[9,134],"algorithm":[10,65,139],"that":[11,82,103,165],"finds":[12],"system":[14],"optimal":[16,62],"tolls":[17,173],"in":[18,32],"road":[20],"network":[21],"whose":[22,49],"trips":[23],"have":[24,108],"stochastic":[26],"value":[27],"time.":[29],"As":[30,143],"formulated":[31],"Part":[33],"I,":[34],"the":[35,72,88,100,116,137,148,159,162],"model":[36,117,130],"is":[37,111,131],"variational":[39],"inequality,":[40],"equivalent":[41],"to":[42,118,140],"specialized":[44],"bicriterion":[45],"equilibrium":[46],"traffic":[47,53,80,176],"assignment":[48,81],"solution":[50],"reflects":[51],"flow":[54],"simultaneously":[55],"user-":[56],"and":[57,122,170],"system-optimal.":[58],"To":[59],"compute":[60],"these":[61],"tolls,":[63],"our":[64,144],"uses":[66],"restricted":[67],"simplicial":[68],"decomposition.":[69],"It":[70,86],"solves":[71,87],"subproblem":[73],"(direction":[74],"step)":[75,92],"with":[76,133,158],"novel":[78],"multipath":[79],"obviates":[83],"path":[84],"enumeration.":[85],"master":[89],"problem":[90],"(averaging":[91],"using":[93,136],"nonlinear":[94],"complementarity.":[95],"For":[96],"real-world":[97],"applications,":[98],"where":[99],"algorithm's":[101,149],"precondition":[102],"every":[104],"congested":[105],"arc":[106],"may":[107],"toll":[110],"impractical,":[112],"enhances":[115],"include":[119],"link-specific":[120],"upper":[121],"lower":[123],"bounds":[124],"on":[125],"tolls.":[126],"This":[127],"more":[128],"realistic":[129],"solved":[132],"heuristic":[135,160],"optimization":[138],"its":[141],"advantage.":[142],"performance":[145],"statistics":[146],"show,":[147],"speed":[150],"makes":[151],"it":[152],"practical":[154],"planning":[155],"tool.":[156],"Experiments":[157],"support":[161],"welcome":[163],"hypothesis":[164],"few":[167],"well":[168],"placed":[169],"properly":[171],"priced":[172],"can":[174],"reduce":[175],"congestion":[177],"dramatically.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-12T07:58:50.170612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}