{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407578871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2024.0987","title":"Dual Sourcing Under Internal and External Volatilities","display_name":"Dual Sourcing Under Internal and External Volatilities","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407578871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2024.0987"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1287/msom.2024.0987","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2024.0987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81410195","display_name":"Manufacturing & Service Operations Management","issn_l":"1523-4614","issn":["1523-4614","1526-5489","1526-5498"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Manufacturing & Service Operations Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/126223","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090957698","display_name":"Awi Federgruen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7584-4721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Awi Federgruen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101621850","display_name":"Zhe Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7335-3024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7335-3024","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100609994","display_name":"Jiaqi Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-7426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science and School of Management and Economics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-7426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science and School of Management and Economics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101621850"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3711,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91699946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"3","first_page":"975","last_page":"992"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.9528999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.9528999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10067","display_name":"Stochastic processes and financial applications","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12394","display_name":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","score":0.9388999938964844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.6951238512992859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.6079546213150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.4853052496910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.4617372453212738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-sourcing","display_name":"Strategic sourcing","score":0.41623902320861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33668816089630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.29765254259109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.25404784083366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-planning","display_name":"Strategic planning","score":0.12601912021636963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.6951238512992859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6079546213150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.4853052496910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4617372453212738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61869707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621856","display_name":"Strategic sourcing","level":4,"score":0.41623902320861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33668816089630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.29765254259109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.25404784083366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48243021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932522","display_name":"Strategic planning","level":2,"score":0.12601912021636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108578832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621835","display_name":"Strategic financial management","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1287/msom.2024.0987","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2024.0987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81410195","display_name":"Manufacturing & Service Operations Management","issn_l":"1523-4614","issn":["1523-4614","1526-5489","1526-5498"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Manufacturing & Service Operations Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/126223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/126223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:inm:ormsom:v:27:y:2025:i:3:p:975-992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2024.0987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/126223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/126223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55769137","https://openalex.org/W600148761","https://openalex.org/W1576026844","https://openalex.org/W1973643330","https://openalex.org/W1979826282","https://openalex.org/W2019485316","https://openalex.org/W2032806034","https://openalex.org/W2044770213","https://openalex.org/W2071807426","https://openalex.org/W2090366750","https://openalex.org/W2099918504","https://openalex.org/W2100606591","https://openalex.org/W2143280922","https://openalex.org/W2155757720","https://openalex.org/W2159149255","https://openalex.org/W2165732753","https://openalex.org/W2166887840","https://openalex.org/W2283765977","https://openalex.org/W2344433746","https://openalex.org/W2738253927","https://openalex.org/W2788153926","https://openalex.org/W2886796594","https://openalex.org/W2953256124","https://openalex.org/W2963492854","https://openalex.org/W3123277140","https://openalex.org/W3124293153","https://openalex.org/W3124615208","https://openalex.org/W3128171015","https://openalex.org/W3185869865","https://openalex.org/W4214539070","https://openalex.org/W4221095817","https://openalex.org/W4245777296","https://openalex.org/W4311500724","https://openalex.org/W4385857877","https://openalex.org/W4389615320"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2897915407","https://openalex.org/W4248866673","https://openalex.org/W2192670466","https://openalex.org/W2105547355","https://openalex.org/W1541412036","https://openalex.org/W3009514698","https://openalex.org/W3123920576","https://openalex.org/W3125559390","https://openalex.org/W2107345896","https://openalex.org/W2151112193"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Problem":[0],"definition:":[1],"We":[2,13,64,93],"study":[3],"a":[4,78],"dual":[5,115],"sourcing":[6,116],"problem":[7],"in":[8,134],"an":[9,26],"increasingly":[10],"volatile":[11],"world.":[12],"consider":[14],"two":[15,33,74,107],"types":[16,60,108],"of":[17,61,89,99,109,157,169],"volatilities.":[18,62,110],"External":[19],"volatilities":[20,44,132],"reflect":[21],"fluctuating":[22],"economic":[23],"conditions":[24],"via":[25],"underlying":[27],"Markov-modulated":[28],"state-of-the-world":[29],"that":[30,120],"affects":[31],"the":[32,46,67,73,86,95,100,106,121,153,164],"suppliers\u2019":[34],"cost":[35],"structures,":[36],"capacity":[37],"limits,":[38],"supply":[39,52],"mechanisms,":[40],"and":[41,103,142,163,173],"demands.":[42],"Internal":[43],"affect":[45],"actual":[47],"outputs":[48],"resulting":[49],"from":[50,72,125],"random":[51],"processes.":[53],"Demand":[54],"distributions":[55],"are":[56,180],"impacted":[57],"by":[58,152],"both":[59],"Methodology/results:":[63],"show":[65],"how":[66],"optimal":[68,101],"combined":[69],"ordering":[70],"strategy":[71],"suppliers,":[75],"along":[76],"with":[77],"salvaging":[79],"policy,":[80],"can":[81,123],"be":[82],"efficiently":[83],"computed":[84],"under":[85],"conventional":[87],"assumption":[88],"consecutive":[90],"lead":[91],"times.":[92],"characterize":[94],"relatively":[96],"simple":[97],"structure":[98],"policies":[102],"systematically":[104],"compare":[105],"Managerial":[111],"implications:":[112],"By":[113],"exploiting":[114],"options,":[117],"we":[118],"find":[119],"firm":[122],"benefit":[124],"external":[126],"volatilities;":[127],"indeed,":[128],"benefits":[129],"increase":[130,133],"as":[131],"specific":[135],"ways.":[136],"Numerical":[137],"studies":[138],"illustrate":[139],"these":[140],"results":[141],"reject":[143],"other":[144],"reasonable":[145],"conjectures.":[146],"Funding:":[147],"This":[148],"work":[149],"was":[150],"supported":[151],"Guangdong":[154],"Key":[155],"Lab":[156],"Mathematical":[158],"Foundations":[159],"for":[160],"Artificial":[161],"Intelligence":[162],"National":[165],"Natural":[166],"Science":[167],"Foundation":[168],"China":[170],"[Grants":[171],"72192805":[172],"72401245].":[174],"Supplemental":[175],"Material:":[176],"The":[177],"online":[178],"appendices":[179],"available":[181],"at":[182],"https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2024.0987":[183],".":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}