{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4211061549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1100.1263","title":"Management Insights","display_name":"Management Insights","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4211061549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1100.1263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1287/mnsc.1100.1263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1100.1263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33323087","display_name":"Management Science","issn_l":"0025-1909","issn":["0025-1909","1526-5501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Management Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076226862","display_name":"Michael F. Gorman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1295-8147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael F. Gorman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business Administration, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 45469"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business Administration, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 45469","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076226862"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51425249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"10","first_page":"iv","last_page":"vi"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":0.6384000182151794,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":0.6384000182151794,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12675","display_name":"Financial Reporting and Valuation Research","score":0.5501000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12394","display_name":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","score":0.5184999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luck","display_name":"Luck","score":0.7704130411148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salary","display_name":"Salary","score":0.6569387912750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-compensation","display_name":"Executive compensation","score":0.6026294231414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability-index","display_name":"Profitability index","score":0.5980418920516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stock-options","display_name":"Stock options","score":0.4872083067893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4668824076652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enterprise-value","display_name":"Enterprise value","score":0.45125022530555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-value","display_name":"Market value","score":0.4293730556964874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.41512900590896606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.3628360629081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-economics","display_name":"Financial economics","score":0.3406083583831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.3233882784843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.20580968260765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.161576509475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-economy","display_name":"Market economy","score":0.13574331998825073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61783943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970348","display_name":"Luck","level":2,"score":0.7704130411148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780090960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194489","display_name":"Salary","level":2,"score":0.6569387912750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151392489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419946","display_name":"Executive compensation","level":3,"score":0.6026294231414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.5980418920516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017619653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187860","display_name":"Stock options","level":2,"score":0.4872083067893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4668824076652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23032112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1344727","display_name":"Enterprise value","level":2,"score":0.45125022530555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202552767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1901350","display_name":"Market value","level":2,"score":0.4293730556964874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.41512900590896606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.3628360629081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.3406083583831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3233882784843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.20580968260765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.161576509475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.13574331998825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1287/mnsc.1100.1263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1100.1263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33323087","display_name":"Management Science","issn_l":"0025-1909","issn":["0025-1909","1526-5501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Management Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:inm:ormnsc:v:56:y:2010:i:10:p:iv-vi","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1100.1263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3148283716","https://openalex.org/W2468411202","https://openalex.org/W1547895736","https://openalex.org/W2034258676","https://openalex.org/W1906656528","https://openalex.org/W2092825592","https://openalex.org/W166275414","https://openalex.org/W2374925624","https://openalex.org/W2107070397","https://openalex.org/W1586208539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"(p.":[0,240,395,563,692,820,987,1171,1402],"1633)":[1],"Yuk":[2],"Ying":[3],"Chang,":[4],"Sudipto":[5],"Dasgupta,":[6],"Gilles":[7],"Hilary":[8],"Recent":[9],"outcries":[10],"over":[11,50],"seemingly":[12],"exorbitant":[13],"CEO":[14,30,34,40,48,61,65,127,152,171,202],"compensation":[15],"in":[16,114,183,350,480,507,539,583,640,764,807,834,862,898,956,1019,1061,1095,1274,1373,1417,1437,1471],"the":[17,27,39,51,57,70,84,90,96,104,115,126,131,134,147,158,164,170,175,179,193,207,226,232,261,311,327,335,432,442,451,462,467,475,478,482,499,503,512,540,589,594,604,628,635,652,667,725,736,754,777,809,842,853,863,928,943,957,965,969,981,1030,1056,1063,1096,1112,1121,1196,1237,1299,1307,1310,1318,1330,1344,1351,1388,1394,1397,1472],"face":[18],"of":[19,313,332,355,387,441,445,454,486,505,542,591,606,621,631,669,679,761,766,768,784,828,852,857,865,915,971,1079,1166,1294,1332,1353,1381,1390,1396,1415,1474],"poor":[20,356],"company":[21,45,236],"performance":[22,87,161,185,237,382],"have":[23,267,291,296,1279],"given":[24,654],"rise":[25],"to":[26,44,55,133,140,157,163,206,210,225,252,256,412,429,448,514,556,646,650,655,661,727,744,885,909,920,934,938,967,978,1027,1046,1087,1119,1168,1182,1206,1220,1248,1263,1265,1326,1367],"question:":[28],"Does":[29],"pay":[31,62,92,203,219,813],"accurately":[32],"reflect":[33,64],"ability?":[35],"If":[36],"so,":[37],"does":[38,63,122,1296],"make":[41],"a":[42,270,278,282,368,417,439,493,535,641,689,711,795,816,858,905,913,935,1024,1039,1075,1081,1089,1126,1134,1154,1184,1207,1222,1225,1260,1275,1288,1291,1303,1379],"difference":[43],"performance?":[46],"Examining":[47],"departures":[49],"decade":[52],"from":[53,188,326,984,1074],"1992":[54],"2002,":[56],"authors":[58,144,336,476,491,614,636,758,1034,1113,1270,1460],"find":[59,145,637,775,1051,1114,1286,1461],"that":[60,121,125,146,169,181,201,249,260,277,338,425,466,510,618,638,666,705,776,874,1052,1054,1071,1091,1107,1209,1287,1323,1333,1427,1445,1464],"ability":[66,389,937],"when":[67,231,1036,1329,1350],"one":[68,1015,1043,1160,1442],"considers":[69],"market":[71,79,116,227,715,1276,1312,1380],"for":[72,215,228,364,367,372,431,450,526,676,721,746,771,802,947,1007,1146,1186,1224,1359],"CEOs.":[73],"The":[74,143,213,217,362,420,490,524,528,613,674,757,800,826,846,870,945,1033,1144,1269,1357,1459],"departing":[75],"CEO's":[76,165,208,218,233],"subsequent":[77,118],"labor":[78],"success":[80],"is":[81,88,93,100,129,154,204,220,238,427,488,735,1058,1102,1200,1212,1217,1259,1336,1355,1420,1424],"greater":[82],"if":[83,1250,1387],"firm's":[85,159,194],"predeparture":[86],"better,":[89],"prior":[91,160,166],"higher,":[94],"and":[95,162,200,230,288,295,306,320,346,390,436,458,471,495,502,548,623,633,665,730,751,780,786,837,855,868,901,923,940,954,1005,1009,1037,1067,1239,1364,1374,1452],"stock":[97,107,148,264,272,279,380,1419,1439],"market's":[98],"reaction":[99,150],"more":[101,648,683,886,902,1059,1103,1246,1376],"negative":[102],"on":[103,235,299,310,323,714,788,1159,1188],"departed":[105],"company's":[106],"price.":[108,799,819],"CEOs":[109,137,229],"can":[110,812,832,879,918,963,1320],"often":[111,221,723],"earn":[112],"comparably":[113],"with":[117,223,263,717,794,815,942,1162,1313,1383,1433],"employment,":[119],"but":[120,608],"not":[123,371,384,392,600,1243,1297,1347],"imply":[124],"salary":[128],"worth":[130],"cost":[132,1395],"company.":[135],"Do":[136,571],"really":[138,172,573],"matter":[139],"firm":[141,184,211],"profitability?":[142],"price":[149,779,781,1110],"upon":[151],"departure":[153],"negatively":[155],"related":[156],"pay,":[167],"indicating":[168,1463],"matters.":[173],"Collectively,":[174],"authors'":[176],"results":[177],"reject":[178],"view":[180],"differences":[182],"stem":[186],"entirely":[187],"non-CEO":[189],"factors":[190],"such":[191,343,1048,1449],"as":[192,1023,1192,1450],"assets,":[195],"other":[196,789],"employees,":[197],"or":[198,521,1314,1400],"\u201cluck,\u201d":[199],"unrelated":[205],"contribution":[209],"value.":[212],"insight":[214,363,525,675,801,946,1145,1358],"management:":[216,365,527,677,803,948,1147,1360],"justifiable":[222],"respect":[224],"influence":[234,713],"considered.":[239],"1653)":[241],"Jerker":[242],"Denrell,":[243],"Christina":[244],"Fang":[245],"It's":[246],"been":[247],"said":[248],"it's":[250],"better":[251,976,1130,1368],"be":[253,257,352,385,393,410,554,647,952,1085,1204,1341],"lucky":[254],"than":[255,358,576,660,687,1069,1138],"good.":[258],"Is":[259],"case":[262,479,541],"prognosticators":[265],"who":[266,290,1371],"correctly":[268],"made":[269,292],"long-shot":[271],"prediction?":[273],"Certainly,":[274],"successfully":[275],"predicting":[276],"will":[280,1346,1375],"become":[281,304,702,1120],"big":[283],"hit":[284],"seems":[285],"impressive.":[286],"Managers":[287],"entrepreneurs":[289],"successful":[293],"predictions":[294],"invested":[297],"money":[298],"this":[300,931],"basis":[301],"are":[302,473,791,1108],"promoted,":[303],"rich,":[305],"may":[307,349,383,391,951,1041,1128,1156],"end":[308],"up":[309,1432],"cover":[312,449,1298],"business":[314,982],"magazines.":[315],"In":[316,593,927,1105],"both":[317,619,1141],"lab":[318],"experiments":[319,616],"field":[321],"data":[322],"professional":[324],"forecasts":[325],"Wall":[328],"Street":[329],"Journal":[330],"Survey":[331],"Economic":[333],"Forecasts,":[334],"show":[337],"an":[339,344,353,849,1232,1409],"accurate":[340],"prediction":[341],"about":[342,1234,1282],"extreme":[345],"unlikely":[347],"event":[348,1435],"fact":[351],"indication":[354],"rather":[357],"good":[359,690],"forecasting":[360],"ability.":[361],"Pay":[366],"sound":[369],"approach,":[370],"results.":[373],"Bide":[374],"your":[375,1189],"time":[376,897],"before":[377],"promoting":[378],"superstar":[379],"pickers\u2014their":[381],"indicative":[386],"their":[388,446,658,663,1214,1254,1438],"sustainable.":[394],"1668)":[396],"Achal":[397],"Bassamboo,":[398],"Ramandeep":[399],"S.":[400,992],"Randhawa,":[401],"Assaf":[402],"Zeevi":[403],"How":[404,1256],"many":[405],"live":[406],"telephone":[407],"operators":[408],"should":[409,1340],"scheduled":[411],"provide":[413,1047,1088,1264],"high-quality":[414,558],"service":[415,559,1053,1070,1090,1131],"at":[416,560],"low":[418,561],"cost?":[419],"long-held":[421],"\u201csquare-root":[422,529],"rule\u201d":[423,530],"suggests":[424],"it":[426,975,1218,1423],"best":[428],"staff":[430],"mean":[433,468,483,516,545,778],"call":[434,455,459,469,546],"volume":[435,470,547],"duration,":[437],"plus":[438],"factor":[440],"square":[443],"root":[444],"ratio":[447],"stochastic":[452,519],"variability":[453,520],"arrival":[456,484,508],"patterns":[457],"durations.":[460],"However,":[461,912],"square-root":[463],"rule":[464],"assumes":[465],"duration":[472,549,783],"known;":[474],"consider":[477],"which":[481,515,584,1418],"rate":[485],"work":[487],"random.":[489],"establish":[492],"simple":[494],"intuitive":[496],"relationship":[497],"between":[498,841,1117],"incoming":[500],"load":[501],"extent":[504,513],"uncertainty":[506,517],"rates":[509],"characterizes":[511],"dominates":[518],"vice":[522],"versa.":[523],"accommodates":[531],"random":[532],"variation":[533],"around":[534],"known":[536,1426],"mean,":[537],"but,":[538,960],"highly":[543],"uncertain":[544],"projections,":[550],"new":[551],"rules":[552],"must":[553],"adopted":[555],"achieve":[557],"cost.":[562],"1687)":[564],"Bo\u011fa\u00e7han":[565],"\u00c7elen,":[566],"Shachar":[567],"Kariv,":[568],"Andrew":[569],"Schotter":[570],"actions":[572,605],"speak":[574],"louder":[575],"words?":[577],"\u201cSocial":[578],"learning\u201d":[579],"describes":[580],"any":[581],"situation":[582,644],"individuals":[585,598],"learn":[586,599],"by":[587,602,610,657,1132,1139],"observing":[588,603],"behavior":[590,840],"others.":[592],"real":[595],"world,":[596],"however,":[597],"just":[601,1229],"others":[607],"also":[609,740],"seeking":[611],"advice.":[612],"conduct":[615],"so":[617,1101],"pieces":[620],"information\u2014action":[622],"advice\u2014are":[624],"equally":[625],"informative.":[626],"Despite":[627,1148,1236],"informational":[629],"equivalence":[630],"advice":[632,653,670,680],"actions,":[634],"subjects":[639],"laboratory":[642],"social-learning":[643],"appear":[645],"willing":[649,1262],"follow":[651,1411],"them":[656],"predecessor":[659],"copy":[662],"action":[664],"presence":[668],"increases":[671],"subjects'":[672],"welfare.":[673,733],"Words":[678],"might":[681,1084,1179,1203,1252],"carry":[682],"weight":[684,1226],"among":[685,876],"trainees":[686],"providing":[688],"example.":[691],"1702)":[693],"Jason":[694],"Kuruzovich,":[695],"Siva":[696],"Viswanathan,":[697],"Ritu":[698],"Agarwal":[699],"It":[700,1178,1202],"has":[701,709],"widely":[703],"accepted":[704],"information":[706,925,1258,1335,1354,1392,1468],"technology":[707],"(IT)":[708],"had":[710],"profound":[712],"transactions,":[716],"lower":[718,728],"search":[719,745,787],"costs":[720,854],"buyers":[722,747],"considered":[724],"key":[726],"prices":[729],"higher":[731,796,817,890,892,1115],"consumer":[732,1261],"But":[734,1441],"reverse":[737],"true?":[738],"Sellers":[739],"use":[741],"online":[742,769],"channels":[743],"whose":[748],"product":[749,1021],"preferences":[750],"valuations":[752],"match":[753],"sellers'":[755],"offerings.":[756],"tracked":[759],"thousands":[760,767],"experienced":[762],"sellers":[763],"tens":[765],"auctions":[770],"used":[772],"vehicles.":[773],"They":[774,1050],"dispersion,":[782],"search,":[785],"websites":[790],"each":[792,1020],"associated":[793],"final":[797],"sale":[798],"Sustained":[804],"seller":[805],"effort":[806],"finding":[808],"right":[810],"buyer":[811],"off":[814],"sales":[818,1066],"1718)":[821],"Eric":[822],"Van":[823],"den":[824],"Steen":[825],"merger":[827,907,914,1475],"two":[829,843],"dissimilar":[830],"companies":[831,878,1416],"result":[833],"\u201cculture":[835],"clash\u201d":[836],"disharmonious,":[838],"counterproductive":[839],"merged":[844,877],"firms.":[845],"author":[847],"develops":[848],"economic":[850],"theory":[851],"benefits":[856,1092],"homogeneous":[859],"corporate":[860,1447],"culture":[861],"sense":[864],"shared":[866,882,910],"beliefs":[867,883],"values.":[869],"author's":[871],"analysis":[872],"confirms":[873],"harmony":[875],"create":[880],"efficiency;":[881],"lead":[884,919,933],"delegation,":[887],"less":[888,896,921,924,1109],"monitoring,":[889],"satisfaction,":[891],"motivation,":[893],"faster":[894],"coordination,":[895],"internal":[899],"negotiations,":[900],"communication\u2014in":[903],"short,":[904],"smooth":[906],"due":[908],"beliefs.":[911],"like":[916],"firms":[917],"experimentation":[922],"collection.":[926],"long":[929],"run":[930,959],"could":[932],"reduced":[936],"evolve":[939],"change":[941],"environment.":[944],"Culture":[949],"clash":[950],"costly":[953],"frustrating":[955],"short":[958],"carefully":[961],"managed,":[962],"allow":[964],"organization":[966],"avoid":[968],"pitfalls":[970],"\u201cgroup":[972],"think,\u201d":[973],"making":[974],"able":[977],"critically":[979],"evaluate":[980],"environment":[983],"multiple":[985],"perspectives.":[986],"1739)":[988],"Upender":[989],"Subramanian,":[990],"Jagmohan":[991],"Raju,":[993],"Sanjay":[994],"K.":[995,1174],"Dhar,":[996],"Yusong":[997],"Wang":[998],"Should":[999],"Kellogg's":[1000],"determine":[1001],"grocer":[1002],"shelf":[1003],"design":[1004],"display":[1006],"Post":[1008],"General":[1010],"Mills?":[1011],"Many":[1012],"retailers":[1013],"designate":[1014],"national":[1016],"brand":[1017],"manufacturer":[1018,1044,1161],"category":[1022,1057,1064,1082,1097,1122,1135,1151],"\u201ccategory":[1025],"captain\u201d":[1026],"help":[1028],"manage":[1029],"entire":[1031],"category.":[1032],"examine":[1035,1271],"why":[1038],"retailer":[1040,1127,1155],"engage":[1042],"exclusively":[1045,1137,1158],"service.":[1049,1401],"expands":[1055],"effective":[1060],"increasing":[1062],"captain's":[1065],"margin":[1068],"shifts":[1072],"demand":[1073],"rival's":[1076],"brand.":[1077],"Because":[1078],"this,":[1080],"captain":[1083,1136,1152],"motivated":[1086],"all":[1093],"brands":[1094],"even":[1098,1470],"though":[1099],"doing":[1100],"costly.":[1104],"categories":[1106],"competitive,":[1111],"competition":[1116],"manufacturers":[1118,1142],"captain,":[1123],"and,":[1124],"consequently,":[1125],"obtain":[1129],"using":[1133],"engaging":[1140],"simultaneously.":[1143],"concerns":[1149,1281,1386],"regarding":[1150],"opportunism,":[1153],"rely":[1157],"limited":[1163],"empirical":[1164],"evidence":[1165,1462],"harm":[1167],"rival":[1169],"manufacturers.":[1170],"1766)":[1172],"Ramnath":[1173],"Chellappa,":[1175],"Shivendu":[1176,1177],"seem":[1180],"ideal":[1181],"receive":[1183,1221],"coupon":[1185],"cereal":[1187,1197],"smart":[1190],"phone":[1191],"you":[1193],"walk":[1194],"down":[1195],"aisle.":[1198],"Or":[1199],"it?":[1201],"discomforting":[1205],"shopper":[1208],"someone,":[1210],"somewhere,":[1211],"tracking":[1213],"movements.":[1215],"Similarly,":[1216],"helpful":[1219],"discount":[1223],"loss":[1227],"program":[1228],"after":[1230],"sending":[1231],"e-mail":[1233],"exercise?":[1235],"convenience":[1238],"timeliness,":[1240],"consumers":[1241,1278,1370,1382],"do":[1242],"always":[1244,1455],"prefer":[1245],"services":[1247,1305,1363],"fewer":[1249],"personalization":[1251,1295,1327],"jeopardize":[1253],"privacy.":[1255,1283],"much":[1257],"get":[1266],"augmented":[1267],"service?":[1268],"vendor":[1272,1289,1308,1319,1345],"strategies":[1273],"where":[1277],"mixed":[1280],"First,":[1284],"they":[1285],"offering":[1290],"fixed":[1292,1304],"level":[1293],"market.":[1300],"Second,":[1301],"under":[1302],"offering,":[1306],"serves":[1309],"same":[1311],"without":[1315],"couponing.":[1316],"When":[1317],"offer":[1321,1348],"coupons":[1322,1339,1349,1365],"vary":[1324],"according":[1325],"levels,":[1328],"value":[1331,1352,1389],"personal":[1334],"high,":[1337],"higher-value":[1338],"offered;":[1342],"conversely,":[1343],"low.":[1356],"Offering":[1361],"variable":[1362],"helps":[1366],"serve":[1369,1378],"opt":[1372],"fully":[1377],"varying":[1384],"privacy":[1385],"incremental":[1391,1398],"justifies":[1393],"discounts":[1399],"1781)":[1403],"Henock":[1404],"Louis,":[1405],"Amy":[1406],"Sun":[1407],"Can":[1408],"investor":[1410,1457],"every":[1412,1434],"earnings":[1413],"announcement":[1414,1476],"held?":[1421],"No,":[1422],"well":[1425],"investors":[1428],"cannot":[1429],"reasonably":[1430],"keep":[1431],"occurring":[1436],"holdings.":[1440],"would":[1443,1454],"think":[1444],"large":[1446],"events":[1448],"mergers":[1451],"acquisitions":[1453],"attract":[1456],"attention.":[1458],"inattention":[1465],"affects":[1466],"investors'":[1467],"processing":[1469],"context":[1473]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
