{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2130129930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1060.0680","title":"The Horizontal Scope of the Firm: Organizational Tradeoffs vs. Buyer-Supplier Relationships","display_name":"The Horizontal Scope of the Firm: Organizational Tradeoffs vs. Buyer-Supplier Relationships","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2130129930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1060.0680","mag":"2130129930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1287/mnsc.1060.0680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1060.0680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33323087","display_name":"Management Science","issn_l":"0025-1909","issn":["0025-1909","1526-5501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Management Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001222461","display_name":"Olivier Chatain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1380-3385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102272798","display_name":"INSEAD","ror":"https://ror.org/00ghzk478","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102272798"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olivier Chatain","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSEAD, Boulevard de Constance, 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex, France","INSEAD, Boulevard De Constance, 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSEAD, Boulevard de Constance, 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102272798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSEAD, Boulevard De Constance, 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102272798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025235920","display_name":"Peter Zemsky","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102272798","display_name":"INSEAD","ror":"https://ror.org/00ghzk478","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102272798"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Zemsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSEAD, Boulevard de Constance, 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex, France","INSEAD, Boulevard De Constance, 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSEAD, Boulevard de Constance, 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102272798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSEAD, Boulevard De Constance, 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102272798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001222461"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102272798"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.7641,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":138,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98875905,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"4","first_page":"550","last_page":"565"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.6203073859214783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stylized-fact","display_name":"Stylized fact","score":0.6193307638168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bargaining-power","display_name":"Bargaining power","score":0.6068584322929382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.5888004302978516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5658196210861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5394495129585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.501509428024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4216134548187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.35346370935440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.34034043550491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.19967123866081238}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6203073859214783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38935604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330363","display_name":"Stylized fact","level":2,"score":0.6193307638168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48057960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625018","display_name":"Bargaining power","level":2,"score":0.6068584322929382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.5888004302978516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5658196210861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5394495129585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.501509428024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4216134548187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.35346370935440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.34034043550491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19967123866081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1287/mnsc.1060.0680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1060.0680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33323087","display_name":"Management Science","issn_l":"0025-1909","issn":["0025-1909","1526-5501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Management Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.711.4538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.711.4538","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://mgmt.wharton.upenn.edu/files/?fileID%3D4051%26whdmsaction%3Dpublic%3Amain.file","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:inm:ormnsc:v:53:y:2007:i:4:p:550-565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1060.0680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45449421","https://openalex.org/W265369677","https://openalex.org/W1004584821","https://openalex.org/W1494667677","https://openalex.org/W1520294169","https://openalex.org/W1523772579","https://openalex.org/W1534143563","https://openalex.org/W1855283887","https://openalex.org/W1890456138","https://openalex.org/W2008942806","https://openalex.org/W2009964025","https://openalex.org/W2029436077","https://openalex.org/W2034952569","https://openalex.org/W2038387231","https://openalex.org/W2043332151","https://openalex.org/W2069443181","https://openalex.org/W2071360543","https://openalex.org/W2076711794","https://openalex.org/W2100849952","https://openalex.org/W2123550414","https://openalex.org/W2132081716","https://openalex.org/W2135509167","https://openalex.org/W2154223120","https://openalex.org/W2330748145","https://openalex.org/W2396971203","https://openalex.org/W2912584408","https://openalex.org/W3020920339","https://openalex.org/W3121131820","https://openalex.org/W3121593992","https://openalex.org/W3123454541","https://openalex.org/W3125349408","https://openalex.org/W4246477977"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535680489","https://openalex.org/W2371121560","https://openalex.org/W1544660373","https://openalex.org/W2965050214","https://openalex.org/W2785938606","https://openalex.org/W3122108203","https://openalex.org/W2203039949","https://openalex.org/W1965851839","https://openalex.org/W3123862847","https://openalex.org/W2144107722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Horizontal":[0],"scope\u2014the":[1],"set":[2],"of":[3,11,19,53,68,86,112,126,141,147,151,187,208,212,219],"products":[4,69],"and":[5,14,81,92,108,144,192,223],"services":[6],"offered\u2014is":[7],"an":[8,37,58],"important":[9],"dimension":[10],"firm":[12],"strategy":[13,198],"a":[15,65,74,124,185],"potentially":[16],"significant":[17],"source":[18],"competitive":[20],"advantage.":[21],"On":[22,47],"one":[23],"hand,":[24,50],"the":[25,48,51,84,109,120,133,138,145,205,217],"ability":[26],"to":[27,39,60,101,115,122,135,155,171,176],"build":[28],"close":[29],"buyer-supplier":[30],"relationships":[31],"over":[32],"multiple":[33],"transactions":[34],"can":[35,56,168],"give":[36,57],"advantage":[38,59],"broad":[40],"firms":[41,61],"that":[42,62,77,194],"offer":[43],"buyers":[44,191],"\u201cone-stop":[45],"shopping.\u201d":[46],"other":[49],"existence":[52],"organizational":[54,95],"tradeoffs":[55],"specialize":[63],"in":[64,104,128,201],"narrower":[66],"range":[67],"or":[70],"services.":[71],"We":[72,117],"develop":[73,172],"biform":[75,158,188],"game":[76,165],"incorporates":[78],"this":[79,202],"tension":[80],"show":[82,156],"how":[83,157],"use":[85,119],"three":[87],"generic":[88],"scope":[89,98],"strategies\u2014specialist,":[90],"generalist,":[91],"hybrid\u2014depends":[93],"on":[94],"tradeoffs,":[96],"client-specific":[97],"economies,":[99],"barriers":[100],"entry,":[102],"heterogeneity":[103],"buyer":[105,142],"task":[106],"requirements,":[107],"bargaining":[110,226],"power":[111],"suppliers":[113,193],"relative":[114,225],"buyers.":[116],"then":[118],"model":[121],"study":[123],"variety":[125],"issues":[127],"supply":[129],"chain":[130],"management,":[131],"including":[132],"gains":[134],"coordinating":[136],"suppliers,":[137],"optimal":[139],"level":[140],"power,":[143],"desirability":[146],"subsidizing":[148],"suppliers.":[149],"One":[150],"our":[152,180],"objectives":[153],"is":[154,195],"games,":[159],"which":[160],"introduce":[161],"unstructured":[162],"negotiations":[163],"into":[164],"theory":[166,174],"analysis,":[167],"be":[169],"used":[170],"applied":[173],"relevant":[175],"strategy.":[177],"Generalizing":[178],"from":[179],"stylized":[181],"model,":[182],"we":[183],"identify":[184],"class":[186,203],"games":[189],"involving":[190],"useful":[196],"for":[197],"analysis.":[199],"Games":[200],"have":[204],"attractive":[206],"property":[207],"each":[209],"supplier\u2019s":[210],"share":[211],"industry":[213],"total":[214],"surplus":[215],"being":[216],"product":[218],"its":[220,224],"added":[221],"value":[222],"power.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
