{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197375259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4064","title":"Leviathan Inc. and Corporate Environmental Engagement","display_name":"Leviathan Inc. and Corporate Environmental Engagement","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197375259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4064","mag":"3197375259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1287/mnsc.2021.4064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33323087","display_name":"Management Science","issn_l":"0025-1909","issn":["0025-1909","1526-5501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Management Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102955804","display_name":"Po-Hsuan Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1314-3583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Po-Hsuan Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Technology Management, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1314-3583","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Technology Management, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076915400","display_name":"Hao Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136188","display_name":"European Corporate Governance Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04egehb02","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136188"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["BE","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI), The Royal Academies of Belgium, Palace of the Academies, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;","Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University, Singapore 178899, Singapore;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1891-8453","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI), The Royal Academies of Belgium, Palace of the Academies, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136188"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University, Singapore 178899, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032502505","display_name":"Pedro Matos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3388-9515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136188","display_name":"European Corporate Governance Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04egehb02","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136188"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["BE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Matos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Darden School of Business, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903","European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI), The Royal Academies of Belgium, Palace of the Academies, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3388-9515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Darden School of Business, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI), The Royal Academies of Belgium, Palace of the Academies, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136188"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102955804"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.1783,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":181,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9947293,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"12","first_page":"7719","last_page":"7758"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13901","display_name":"State Capitalism and Financial Governance","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13146","display_name":"Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds","score":0.9642000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.6528449058532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.4777202308177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-social-responsibility","display_name":"Corporate social responsibility","score":0.4481559693813324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/christian-ministry","display_name":"Christian ministry","score":0.4435587525367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.4101177453994751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.4059755504131317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3917599320411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3593646287918091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3273601531982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.31025993824005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.2116888463497162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.18718159198760986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.6528449058532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4777202308177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141261163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218600","display_name":"Corporate social responsibility","level":2,"score":0.4481559693813324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521751864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729207","display_name":"Christian ministry","level":2,"score":0.4435587525367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.4101177453994751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.4059755504131317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3917599320411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3593646287918091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3273601531982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.31025993824005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.2116888463497162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.18718159198760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1287/mnsc.2021.4064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33323087","display_name":"Management Science","issn_l":"0025-1909","issn":["0025-1909","1526-5501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Management Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:inm:ormnsc:v:69:y:2023:i:12:p:7719-7758","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529678924","https://openalex.org/W1974672383","https://openalex.org/W1979984511","https://openalex.org/W1986761244","https://openalex.org/W2026197177","https://openalex.org/W2044522962","https://openalex.org/W2050540653","https://openalex.org/W2056698298","https://openalex.org/W2091100909","https://openalex.org/W2091626777","https://openalex.org/W2103330079","https://openalex.org/W2138958509","https://openalex.org/W2141958938","https://openalex.org/W2142604108","https://openalex.org/W2144413950","https://openalex.org/W2290649979","https://openalex.org/W2779630711","https://openalex.org/W2810262932","https://openalex.org/W2884202799","https://openalex.org/W2892727371","https://openalex.org/W3023058206","https://openalex.org/W3023505870","https://openalex.org/W3049032936","https://openalex.org/W3121304433","https://openalex.org/W3121335362","https://openalex.org/W3121521941","https://openalex.org/W3121550950","https://openalex.org/W3121932872","https://openalex.org/W3122684442","https://openalex.org/W3122791595","https://openalex.org/W3122879148","https://openalex.org/W3123300962","https://openalex.org/W3123401135","https://openalex.org/W3123419065","https://openalex.org/W3123456404","https://openalex.org/W3123757519","https://openalex.org/W3123983227","https://openalex.org/W3124090698","https://openalex.org/W3124160225","https://openalex.org/W3124233610","https://openalex.org/W3124453085","https://openalex.org/W3124737349","https://openalex.org/W3124803286","https://openalex.org/W3125032950","https://openalex.org/W3125224137","https://openalex.org/W3125375468","https://openalex.org/W3125572384","https://openalex.org/W3215678288","https://openalex.org/W4206772236","https://openalex.org/W4248292788","https://openalex.org/W4256274235"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3118640379","https://openalex.org/W3199815307","https://openalex.org/W2754215895","https://openalex.org/W2767533230","https://openalex.org/W2923522460","https://openalex.org/W2698231858","https://openalex.org/W3107243344","https://openalex.org/W4220869604","https://openalex.org/W4205680593","https://openalex.org/W2954332603"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"a":[1,31,90,105],"2010":[2],"special":[3],"report,":[4],"The":[5,62,218],"Economist":[6],"magazine":[7],"termed":[8],"the":[9,20,47,138,149,152,161,166,170,199,208],"resurgence":[10],"of":[11,26,36,39,49,126,155,158,160,163,176,182,210,214],"state-owned,":[12],"publicly":[13,40],"listed":[14,41],"enterprises":[15,55],"\u201cLeviathan":[16,109],"Inc.\u201d":[17],"and":[18,23,51,72,76,83,131,165,174,178,180,191,221],"criticized":[19],"poor":[21],"governance":[22,100],"low":[24],"efficiency":[25],"these":[27],"firms.":[28],"We":[29,88],"compile":[30],"new":[32],"comprehensive":[33],"data":[34,219],"set":[35],"state":[37],"ownership":[38],"firms":[42,78],"in":[43,67,112,184],"44":[44],"countries":[45],"over":[46],"period":[48],"2004\u20132017":[50],"show":[52],"that":[53],"state-owned":[54],"are":[56,224],"more":[57,65,80],"responsive":[58],"to":[59],"environmental":[60,74,115],"issues.":[61],"effect":[63,92],"is":[64],"pronounced":[66],"economies":[68],"lacking":[69],"energy":[70],"security":[71],"strong":[73],"regulation,":[75],"among":[77],"with":[79,114],"local":[81],"operations":[82],"higher":[84],"domestic":[85],"government":[86],"ownership.":[87],"find":[89],"similar":[91],"on":[93,99,129],"corporate":[94],"social":[95],"engagement":[96],"but":[97],"not":[98],"quality.":[101],"These":[102],"results":[103],"suggest":[104],"different":[106],"role":[107],"for":[108,204],"Inc.,\u201d":[110],"especially":[111],"dealing":[113],"externalities.":[116],"This":[117],"paper":[118],"was":[119],"accepted":[120],"by":[121],"Colin":[122],"Mayer,":[123],"Special":[124],"Section":[125],"Management":[127,144,206],"Science":[128,177],"Business":[130,159],"Climate":[132],"Change.":[133],"Funding:":[134],"H.":[135],"Liang":[136],"acknowledges":[137,148,195],"DBS":[139],"Sustainability":[140],"Fellowship":[141],"from":[142,151,169,198],"Singapore":[143],"University.":[145],"P.-H.":[146],"Hsu":[147],"fellowship":[150],"Batten":[153],"Institute":[154],"Darden":[156,212],"School":[157,213],"University":[162,209],"Virginia":[164],"financial":[167,196],"support":[168,197],"E.SUN":[171],"Academic":[172],"Award":[173],"Ministry":[175,181],"Technology":[179],"Education":[183],"Taiwan":[185],"[Grants":[186],"MOST108-2410-H-007-099-MY2,":[187],"MOST109-2628-H-007-001-MY4,":[188],"MOST109-2634-F-002-045,":[189],"MOE109J0321Q2,":[190],"MOE109L900202].":[192],"P.":[193],"Matos":[194],"Richard":[200],"A.":[201],"Mayo":[202],"Center":[203],"Asset":[205],"at":[207,226],"Virginia's":[211],"Business.":[215],"Supplemental":[216],"Material:":[217],"files":[220],"online":[222],"appendix":[223],"available":[225],"https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4064":[227],".":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}