{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416147255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2023.0347","title":"Strategic Drivers of Core Expansion on Software Platforms: Evidence from Apple iOS","display_name":"Strategic Drivers of Core Expansion on Software Platforms: Evidence from Apple iOS","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416147255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2023.0347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1287/isre.2023.0347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2023.0347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202812398","display_name":"Information Systems Research","issn_l":"1047-7047","issn":["1047-7047","1526-5536"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Systems Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/71195/1/halckenhaeusser-et-al-2025-strategic-drivers-of-core-expansion-on-software-platforms-evidence-from-apple-ios.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011268387","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Halckenhaeusser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-4560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Halckenhaeusser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, University of Mannheim, 68161 Mannheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-4560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, University of Mannheim, 68161 Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033979178","display_name":"Jens Foerderer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3090-4559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Forderer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, University of Mannheim, 68161 Mannheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3090-4559","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, University of Mannheim, 68161 Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039252960","display_name":"Armin Heinzl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9886-9596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armin Heinzl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, University of Mannheim, 68161 Mannheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9886-9596","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, University of Mannheim, 68161 Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049831156","display_name":"Ola Henfridsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1605-5180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ola Henfridsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Miami Herbert Business School, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1605-5180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Miami Herbert Business School, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45009567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"2","first_page":"1222","last_page":"1241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.6881999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.660099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/niche","display_name":"Niche","score":0.5091999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-platform","display_name":"Open platform","score":0.501800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-niche","display_name":"Ecological niche","score":0.4745999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.420199990272522}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.6881999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.660099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153991713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17142856","display_name":"Niche","level":2,"score":0.5091999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5041999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108383078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7096399","display_name":"Open platform","level":3,"score":0.501800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102715595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172861","display_name":"Ecological niche","level":3,"score":0.4745999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.40130001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.388700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92400490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174666","display_name":"Cross-platform","level":2,"score":0.38190001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5038329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Core network","level":2,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775881736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1274157","display_name":"Market power","level":3,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1287/isre.2023.0347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2023.0347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202812398","display_name":"Information Systems Research","issn_l":"1047-7047","issn":["1047-7047","1526-5536"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Systems Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ub-madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de:71195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2023.0347","pdf_url":"https://madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/71195/1/halckenhaeusser-et-al-2025-strategic-drivers-of-core-expansion-on-software-platforms-evidence-from-apple-ios.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196315","display_name":"MADOC (University of Mannheim)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","host_organization_name":"University of Mannheim","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Zeitschriftenartikel"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ub-madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de:71195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2023.0347","pdf_url":"https://madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/71195/1/halckenhaeusser-et-al-2025-strategic-drivers-of-core-expansion-on-software-platforms-evidence-from-apple-ios.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196315","display_name":"MADOC (University of Mannheim)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","host_organization_name":"University of Mannheim","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Zeitschriftenartikel"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8191265779","display_name":"Wettbewerb mit dem Plattformbetreiber: Eine empirischquantitative Untersuchung MobilerAppPlattform\u00d6kosysteme","funder_award_id":"453186120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310992","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323383","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324159","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416147255.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88170234","https://openalex.org/W104754383","https://openalex.org/W1573877699","https://openalex.org/W1585189676","https://openalex.org/W1971436004","https://openalex.org/W1976362794","https://openalex.org/W1993005225","https://openalex.org/W2033903448","https://openalex.org/W2035293310","https://openalex.org/W2075763914","https://openalex.org/W2081887392","https://openalex.org/W2096623496","https://openalex.org/W2103650480","https://openalex.org/W2108929577","https://openalex.org/W2114805009","https://openalex.org/W2125338226","https://openalex.org/W2143642228","https://openalex.org/W2171519721","https://openalex.org/W2560464957","https://openalex.org/W2577227262","https://openalex.org/W2594402712","https://openalex.org/W2606838461","https://openalex.org/W2623913584","https://openalex.org/W2624998339","https://openalex.org/W2783489470","https://openalex.org/W2784842309","https://openalex.org/W2785506998","https://openalex.org/W2799670133","https://openalex.org/W2801115940","https://openalex.org/W2804990926","https://openalex.org/W2915955953","https://openalex.org/W2924624136","https://openalex.org/W2946420406","https://openalex.org/W2950165649","https://openalex.org/W2951692784","https://openalex.org/W2970349207","https://openalex.org/W2989962166","https://openalex.org/W3010024899","https://openalex.org/W3021363916","https://openalex.org/W3021774595","https://openalex.org/W3027685805","https://openalex.org/W3033691699","https://openalex.org/W3038102972","https://openalex.org/W3095016686","https://openalex.org/W3121130252","https://openalex.org/W3121821896","https://openalex.org/W3122651512","https://openalex.org/W3123049215","https://openalex.org/W3124204492","https://openalex.org/W3124600907","https://openalex.org/W3124914597","https://openalex.org/W3125550820","https://openalex.org/W3125751770","https://openalex.org/W3125833157","https://openalex.org/W3125944181","https://openalex.org/W3126059685","https://openalex.org/W3133133326","https://openalex.org/W3138663867","https://openalex.org/W3158674489","https://openalex.org/W3177794208","https://openalex.org/W4211174850","https://openalex.org/W4281666293","https://openalex.org/W4281668259","https://openalex.org/W4295664952","https://openalex.org/W4297090160","https://openalex.org/W4297901539","https://openalex.org/W4306969193","https://openalex.org/W4310251746","https://openalex.org/W4310388695","https://openalex.org/W4322627891","https://openalex.org/W4327727619","https://openalex.org/W4385724340","https://openalex.org/W4389921325","https://openalex.org/W4391114262","https://openalex.org/W4392232662","https://openalex.org/W4404514240","https://openalex.org/W4404922335","https://openalex.org/W4405125310"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Software":[0],"platforms":[1],"rely":[2],"on":[3,55,119,135],"a":[4,71],"core-periphery":[5],"structure;":[6],"platform":[7,25,33,59,136,145,190],"owners":[8,26,60,146],"provide":[9],"foundational":[10],"code":[11],"that":[12,87,157],"third-party":[13,30,148],"developers":[14],"extend":[15],"with":[16,29,93,111,121],"complementary":[17],"software.":[18],"This":[19],"structure":[20],"creates":[21],"strong":[22],"incentives":[23],"for":[24,185],"to":[27,83,107,160,176],"cooperate":[28],"developers.":[31],"Yet,":[32],"firms,":[34],"like":[35],"Apple,":[36],"intermittently":[37],"expand":[38,61],"their":[39],"core":[40,79,116,161,177],"by":[41],"integrating":[42],"peripheral":[43],"functionality\u2014for":[44],"instance,":[45],"flashlight":[46],"or":[47],"screen-time":[48],"tracking":[49],"in":[50,109],"iOS.":[51],"If":[52],"ecosystems":[53],"thrive":[54],"cooperation,":[56,167],"why":[57],"do":[58],"into":[62],"niches":[63,110,120,156],"at":[64],"the":[65,139,150],"apparent":[66],"expense":[67],"of":[68,75,141,154],"developers?":[69],"Using":[70],"comprehensive":[72],"data":[73],"set":[74],"all":[76],"Apple":[77],"iOS":[78],"expansions":[80,88],"from":[81],"2012":[82],"2020,":[84],"we":[85],"find":[86],"systematically":[89],"target":[90],"underperforming":[91],"niches\u2014those":[92],"low":[94,112,122],"user":[95,123],"satisfaction,":[96],"limited":[97],"innovation":[98,170],"activity,":[99],"and":[100,125,138,147,169,187],"high":[101,126],"market":[102],"concentration.":[103,127],"Stand-alone":[104],"apps":[105],"tend":[106],"occur":[108],"innovation,":[113],"whereas":[114],"integrated":[115],"features":[117],"focus":[118],"satisfaction":[124],"For":[128,144],"policymakers,":[129],"these":[130],"insights":[131],"inform":[132],"regulatory":[133],"discussions":[134],"power":[137],"design":[140],"public":[142],"interventions.":[143],"developers,":[149],"findings":[151],"highlight":[152],"characteristics":[153,175],"ecosystem":[155],"are":[158],"vulnerable":[159],"expansion,":[162],"supporting":[163],"strategic":[164],"decisions":[165],"regarding":[166],"competition,":[168],"investment.":[171],"By":[172],"linking":[173],"niche":[174],"expansion":[178],"strategies,":[179],"this":[180],"study":[181],"provides":[182],"actionable":[183],"guidance":[184],"regulating":[186],"managing":[188],"evolving":[189],"ecosystems.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-27T06:13:17.587685","created_date":"2025-11-12T00:00:00"}
