{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280615448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1133","title":"Going Beyond Deterrence: A Middle-Range Theory of Motives and Controls for Insider Computer Abuse","display_name":"Going Beyond Deterrence: A Middle-Range Theory of Motives and Controls for Insider Computer Abuse","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280615448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1287/isre.2022.1133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202812398","display_name":"Information Systems Research","issn_l":"1047-7047","issn":["1047-7047","1526-5536"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Systems Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/infosys_pubs/41","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019532021","display_name":"A. J. Burns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8222-4144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. J. Burns","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stephenson Department of Entrepreneurship and Information Systems, E. J. Ourso College of Business, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8222-4144","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stephenson Department of Entrepreneurship and Information Systems, E. J. Ourso College of Business, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053409051","display_name":"Tom Roberts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4480-0475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I221716585","display_name":"The University of Texas at Tyler","ror":"https://ror.org/01azfw069","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I221716585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom L. Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soules College of Business, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75799;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4480-0475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soules College of Business, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75799;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I221716585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001233265","display_name":"Clay Posey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6704-0750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clay Posey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Department, Marriott School of Business, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6704-0750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Department, Marriott School of Business, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009502121","display_name":"Paul Benjamin Lowry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0187-5808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Benjamin Lowry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business Information Technology, Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0187-5808","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business Information Technology, Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006391439","display_name":"Bryan Fuller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3751-1993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919208787","display_name":"Louisiana Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q9esz89","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799628689","https://openalex.org/I919208787"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan Fuller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3751-1993","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919208787"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019532021"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.2089,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9821942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1","first_page":"342","last_page":"362"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13582","display_name":"Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sanctions","display_name":"Sanctions","score":0.8377830982208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insider","display_name":"Insider","score":0.7030832171440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deterrence-theory","display_name":"Deterrence theory","score":0.6976340413093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.59520423412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5366643667221069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compliance","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","score":0.51433265209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.4592224955558777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insider-threat","display_name":"Insider threat","score":0.45882606506347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2603681683540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.226650208234787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.20962101221084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.14721205830574036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.14706209301948547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.09593397378921509}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.8377830982208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778971194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1664551","display_name":"Insider","level":2,"score":0.7030832171440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60643870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949683","display_name":"Deterrence theory","level":2,"score":0.6976340413093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.59520423412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5366643667221069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781460075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399332","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.51433265209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4592224955558777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776633304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6038026","display_name":"Insider threat","level":3,"score":0.45882606506347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2603681683540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.226650208234787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.20962101221084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14721205830574036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14706209301948547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.09593397378921509}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1287/isre.2022.1133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202812398","display_name":"Information Systems Research","issn_l":"1047-7047","issn":["1047-7047","1526-5536"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Systems Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.lsu.edu:infosys_pubs-1040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/infosys_pubs/41","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169993","display_name":"Civil War Book Review","issn_l":"1528-6592","issn":["1528-6592"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315936","host_organization_name":"Louisiana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Louisiana State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:inm:orisre:v:34:y:2023:i:1:p:342-362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.lsu.edu:infosys_pubs-1040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/infosys_pubs/41","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169993","display_name":"Civil War Book Review","issn_l":"1528-6592","issn":["1528-6592"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315936","host_organization_name":"Louisiana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Louisiana State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":131,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121826637","https://openalex.org/W129912261","https://openalex.org/W185021453","https://openalex.org/W324885528","https://openalex.org/W588954930","https://openalex.org/W1254014921","https://openalex.org/W1504693860","https://openalex.org/W1536398137","https://openalex.org/W1538043169","https://openalex.org/W1543765265","https://openalex.org/W1566168400","https://openalex.org/W1602619638","https://openalex.org/W1964009157","https://openalex.org/W1969641949","https://openalex.org/W1981822199","https://openalex.org/W1982876027","https://openalex.org/W1983411321","https://openalex.org/W1983548305","https://openalex.org/W1985187994","https://openalex.org/W1985696418","https://openalex.org/W1993005225","https://openalex.org/W1998901792","https://openalex.org/W2001175088","https://openalex.org/W2003829874","https://openalex.org/W2007542374","https://openalex.org/W2009133749","https://openalex.org/W2010902645","https://openalex.org/W2013587720","https://openalex.org/W2017609493","https://openalex.org/W2021464460","https://openalex.org/W2024419606","https://openalex.org/W2028586471","https://openalex.org/W2032091634","https://openalex.org/W2032247959","https://openalex.org/W2039808163","https://openalex.org/W2040594135","https://openalex.org/W2040780635","https://openalex.org/W2045014263","https://openalex.org/W2050792701","https://openalex.org/W2059595842","https://openalex.org/W2060763381","https://openalex.org/W2062856947","https://openalex.org/W2065771650","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2072047708","https://openalex.org/W2076850787","https://openalex.org/W2078010108","https://openalex.org/W2080128455","https://openalex.org/W2081526168","https://openalex.org/W2084974177","https://openalex.org/W2090265800","https://openalex.org/W2091106293","https://openalex.org/W2097511126","https://openalex.org/W2097694607","https://openalex.org/W2099647042","https://openalex.org/W2100739170","https://openalex.org/W2100797043","https://openalex.org/W2105174148","https://openalex.org/W2105846236","https://openalex.org/W2105992541","https://openalex.org/W2106096361","https://openalex.org/W2107406322","https://openalex.org/W2115981184","https://openalex.org/W2116305749","https://openalex.org/W2118965492","https://openalex.org/W2130885408","https://openalex.org/W2131628590","https://openalex.org/W2132306997","https://openalex.org/W2132684425","https://openalex.org/W2132747867","https://openalex.org/W2133544482","https://openalex.org/W2134077691","https://openalex.org/W2134716446","https://openalex.org/W2135654954","https://openalex.org/W2138739273","https://openalex.org/W2140561695","https://openalex.org/W2145283759","https://openalex.org/W2151020819","https://openalex.org/W2153535865","https://openalex.org/W2153834579","https://openalex.org/W2154423338","https://openalex.org/W2155178622","https://openalex.org/W2166379895","https://openalex.org/W2166471910","https://openalex.org/W2166894742","https://openalex.org/W2167063507","https://openalex.org/W2169106160","https://openalex.org/W2204032447","https://openalex.org/W2276368824","https://openalex.org/W2322321528","https://openalex.org/W2337703333","https://openalex.org/W2511439785","https://openalex.org/W2556842507","https://openalex.org/W2559323583","https://openalex.org/W2560034573","https://openalex.org/W2567769395","https://openalex.org/W2588239865","https://openalex.org/W2606444652","https://openalex.org/W2735363254","https://openalex.org/W2738571756","https://openalex.org/W2739995319","https://openalex.org/W2745971308","https://openalex.org/W2752256521","https://openalex.org/W2752847155","https://openalex.org/W2767985696","https://openalex.org/W2768849025","https://openalex.org/W2775035189","https://openalex.org/W2786705330","https://openalex.org/W2791402275","https://openalex.org/W2802728889","https://openalex.org/W2931358054","https://openalex.org/W2952478214","https://openalex.org/W2979920613","https://openalex.org/W2998104786","https://openalex.org/W3020844025","https://openalex.org/W3089940437","https://openalex.org/W3121259512","https://openalex.org/W3122337876","https://openalex.org/W3124838019","https://openalex.org/W3145947148","https://openalex.org/W3204158394","https://openalex.org/W4235269857","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4240779793","https://openalex.org/W4251225833","https://openalex.org/W4255363074","https://openalex.org/W4289256379","https://openalex.org/W4299725134","https://openalex.org/W4300870773","https://openalex.org/W4301308134","https://openalex.org/W4301323149"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766781562","https://openalex.org/W4205304595","https://openalex.org/W2979782961","https://openalex.org/W308359497","https://openalex.org/W1499596878","https://openalex.org/W3136170567","https://openalex.org/W2947769183","https://openalex.org/W2018332730","https://openalex.org/W4387194049","https://openalex.org/W2286217954"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reports":[0],"indicate":[1],"that":[2,27,75,90],"employees":[3,146],"are":[4,20,46,133],"willing":[5],"to":[6,15,22,38,43,117,140,155,170,191],"share":[7],"sensitive":[8],"information":[9,44,58],"under":[10],"certain":[11],"circumstances,":[12],"and":[13,53,79,82,84,111,120,153,181],"one-third":[14],"half":[16],"of":[17,56,73,126,174,196],"security":[18,29],"breaches":[19],"tied":[21],"insiders.":[23],"These":[24],"statistics":[25],"reveal":[26],"organizational":[28,57,61,91],"efforts,":[30],"which":[31],"most":[32],"often":[33],"rely":[34],"on":[35],"deterrence-based":[36],"sanctions":[37,187],"address":[39],"the":[40,124,149,172,193],"insider":[41],"threats":[42],"security,":[45],"insufficient.":[47],"Thus,":[48],"insiders\u2019":[49,121],"computer":[50],"abuse":[51],"(ICA)\u2014unauthorized":[52],"deliberate":[54],"misuse":[55],"resources":[59],"by":[60,147],"insiders\u2014remains":[62],"a":[63,70],"significant":[64],"issue":[65],"for":[66,99,131,145,159,188],"industry.":[67],"We":[68],"present":[69],"motive\u2013control":[71],"theory":[72],"ICA":[74,176,190],"distinguishes":[76],"among":[77],"instrumental":[78],"expressive":[80,157],"motives":[81,98,104,116,158,177],"internal":[83],"external":[85],"controls.":[86],"Specifically,":[87],"we":[88],"show":[89],"deterrents":[92],"(e.g.,":[93,105],"sanctions)":[94],"do":[95],"not":[96],"create":[97,115],"ICA,":[100,119],"but":[101],"weaken":[102],"existing":[103],"financial":[106,109,197],"benefits).":[107],"Conversely,":[108],"benefits":[110],"psychological":[112,142],"contract":[113,143],"violations":[114],"perform":[118],"self-control":[122,169],"diminishes":[123],"influence":[125,195],"these":[127],"motives.":[128,198],"The":[129],"implications":[130],"practice":[132],"threefold:":[134],"(1)":[135],"organizations":[136,162,183],"should":[137,163,178,184],"make":[138],"efforts":[139],"reduce":[141,156],"breach":[144],"increasing":[148],"congruence":[150],"between":[151],"expectations":[152],"reality":[154],"ICA;":[160],"(2)":[161],"seek":[164],"maintain":[165],"personnel":[166],"with":[167],"adequate":[168],"diminish":[171],"impact":[173],"harmful":[175,194],"they":[179],"arise;":[180],"(3)":[182],"develop":[185],"targeted":[186],"committing":[189],"control":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}