{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380048354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.18.6.357-368","title":"Implementing Carrier Aggregation on 4G Long Term Evolution-Advanced Network in a Dense Urban Area: A Techno-Economic Assessment","display_name":"Implementing Carrier Aggregation on 4G Long Term Evolution-Advanced Network in a Dense Urban Area: A Techno-Economic Assessment","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380048354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.18.6.357-368"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.12720/jcm.18.6.357-368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.12720/jcm.18.6.357-368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184821498","display_name":"Journal of Communications","issn_l":"1796-2021","issn":["1796-2021","2374-4367"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323867253","host_organization_name":"International Communication Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323867253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Communication Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.12720/jcm.18.6.357-368","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070214665","display_name":"Muhammad Imam Nashiruddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7939-158X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Imam Nashiruddin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020800544","display_name":"Pinasthika Aulia Fadhila","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pinasthika Aulia Fadhila","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057557138","display_name":"Nachwan Mufti Adriansyah","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nachwan Mufti Adriansyah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076423448","display_name":"Muhammad Adam Nugraha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2453-0191"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Adam Nugraha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010270299","display_name":"Putri Rahmawati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3049-1831"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Putri Rahmawati","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070214665"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.325,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59929554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"357","last_page":"368"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.8152999877929688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.8152999877929688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.7936000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.7870000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enodeb","display_name":"EnodeB","score":0.8463884592056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.509257435798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4781695008277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.47116121649742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-rate-of-return","display_name":"Internal rate of return","score":0.4497874677181244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.44328999519348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-planning-and-design","display_name":"Network planning and design","score":0.44278496503829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.4374575912952423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lte-advanced","display_name":"LTE Advanced","score":0.4265315532684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.414632648229599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3731898367404938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.36678507924079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment","display_name":"User equipment","score":0.32644757628440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.20422393083572388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12907525897026062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5379353","display_name":"EnodeB","level":4,"score":0.8463884592056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.509257435798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4781695008277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.47116121649742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37917861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507477","display_name":"Internal rate of return","level":3,"score":0.4497874677181244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.44328999519348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114563136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19725982","display_name":"Network planning and design","level":2,"score":0.44278496503829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.4374575912952423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17652562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345402","display_name":"LTE Advanced","level":3,"score":0.4265315532684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.414632648229599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3731898367404938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.36678507924079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.32644757628440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.20422393083572388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12907525897026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.12720/jcm.18.6.357-368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.12720/jcm.18.6.357-368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184821498","display_name":"Journal of Communications","issn_l":"1796-2021","issn":["1796-2021","2374-4367"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323867253","host_organization_name":"International Communication Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323867253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Communication Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.12720/jcm.18.6.357-368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.12720/jcm.18.6.357-368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184821498","display_name":"Journal of Communications","issn_l":"1796-2021","issn":["1796-2021","2374-4367"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323867253","host_organization_name":"International Communication Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323867253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Communication Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029208489","https://openalex.org/W2563655269","https://openalex.org/W2037227306","https://openalex.org/W2087411836","https://openalex.org/W2098636313","https://openalex.org/W2589617704","https://openalex.org/W2168681758","https://openalex.org/W3011628257","https://openalex.org/W2124575979","https://openalex.org/W2990546478"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,118],"implementation":[1],"of":[2,6,26,53,66,106,109,166,183,210,223],"mobile":[3],"cellular":[4,257],"networks":[5],"the":[7,21,24,49,62,78,88,93,107,125,130,135,141,150,153,162,171,184,195,207,221,238,249],"fourth":[8],"generation,":[9],"known":[10],"as":[11,83,244],"4G":[12,89,110,126,234],"Long":[13],"Term":[14],"Evolution-Advanced":[15],"(4G":[16],"LTE-A),":[17],"is":[18,32,120,144,189,252],"accelerating":[19],"throughout":[20],"globe.":[22],"Thus,":[23],"number":[25],"users":[27,67],"in":[28,45,48,92,129,161,220,237],"any":[29],"given":[30],"area":[31,52,132,165],"bound":[33],"to":[34,57,76,121,149,157,225],"rise":[35],"with":[36,112,216,248],"technological":[37],"advancements.":[38],"However,":[39],"internet":[40],"connec-tivity":[41],"has":[42],"become":[43],"challenging":[44],"Indonesia,":[46],"particularly":[47],"dense":[50,94,163],"urban":[51,95,164],"Central":[54,167],"Jakarta,":[55],"due":[56],"network":[58,91,128,176],"conges-tion":[59],"caused":[60],"by":[61,133],"region\u2019s":[63],"enormous":[64],"population":[65],"and":[68,113,139,146,206,254],"limited":[69],"existing":[70],"frequency.":[71],"Therefore,":[72],"this":[73,100,198],"research":[74,101,199],"aims":[75],"utilize":[77],"2100":[79,136,242],"MHz":[80,137,243],"frequency":[81,138,247],"band":[82],"an":[84,245],"additional":[85,246],"fre-quency":[86],"for":[87,256],"LTE-A":[90,111,127,235],"Cen-tral":[96],"Jakarta":[97,168],"region.":[98],"Furthermore,":[99,174],"employs":[102],"a":[103],"techno-economic":[104],"assessment":[105],"deployment":[108],"without":[114,170],"carrier":[115],"aggregation":[116],"(CA).":[117],"purpose":[119],"see":[122],"if":[123],"expanding":[124],"study":[131],"adding":[134],"utilizing":[140],"CA":[142,154,172,250],"method":[143],"feasible":[145,253],"beneficial.":[147],"According":[148],"results,":[151],"using":[152,241],"technique":[155,251],"leads":[156],"fewer":[158],"eNodeB":[159],"requirements":[160],"than":[169],"technique.":[173],"through":[175],"simulation":[177],"soft-ware,":[178],"Forsk":[179],"Atoll,":[180],"good":[181,201],"quality":[182],"Key":[185],"Performance":[186],"Indi-cators":[187],"(KPI)":[188],"obtained.":[190],"In":[191],"addition,":[192],"based":[193],"on":[194,218],"business":[196],"perspective,":[197],"acquired":[200],"Net":[202],"Present":[203],"Value":[204],"(NPV),":[205],"Internal":[208],"Rate":[209],"Return":[211],"(IRR)":[212],"values":[213],"are":[214],"ob-tained,":[215],"returns":[217],"capital":[219],"range":[222],"two":[224],"three":[226],"years.":[227],"Overall,":[228],"these":[229],"findings":[230],"indicate":[231],"that":[232],"deploying":[233],"technology":[236],"planning":[239],"region":[240],"beneficial":[255],"operators.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-24T23:09:58.560324","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}