{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3165847165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.16.5.167-174","title":"Injection Coding with Spectral Nulls for Even Codeword Lengths","display_name":"Injection Coding with Spectral Nulls for Even Codeword Lengths","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3165847165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.16.5.167-174","mag":"3165847165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.12720/jcm.16.5.167-174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.16.5.167-174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184821498","display_name":"Journal of Communications","issn_l":"1796-2021","issn":["1796-2021","2374-4367"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323867253","host_organization_name":"International Communication Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323867253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Communication Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.16.5.167-174","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dept. of Elect. and Electron. Eng. Sc., Univ. of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, SA","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dept. of Elect. and Electron. Eng. Sc., Univ. of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, SA","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049642167","display_name":"Opeyemi O. Ogunyanda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4450-713X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. O. Ogunyanda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069878254","display_name":"Thokozani Shongwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3011-7600"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Shongwe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036607092","display_name":"Theo G. Swart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1525-7728"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. G. Swart","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04663671,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"167","last_page":"174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.7804219722747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5696744918823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5191692113876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.5073749423027039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48081719875335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.47925496101379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.47628918290138245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4611852765083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol-rate","display_name":"Symbol rate","score":0.4520036578178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-word","display_name":"Code word","score":0.42988064885139465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.4252201318740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3187820613384247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.22243660688400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.16355150938034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.1572847068309784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15685826539993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.15122315287590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.1399092674255371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11944025754928589}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.7804219722747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5696744918823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5191692113876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.5073749423027039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48081719875335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.47925496101379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.47628918290138245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4611852765083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74645175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428083","display_name":"Symbol rate","level":4,"score":0.4520036578178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153207627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863873","display_name":"Code word","level":3,"score":0.42988064885139465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4252201318740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3187820613384247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.22243660688400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.16355150938034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.1572847068309784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15685826539993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.15122315287590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.1399092674255371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11944025754928589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.12720/jcm.16.5.167-174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.16.5.167-174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184821498","display_name":"Journal of Communications","issn_l":"1796-2021","issn":["1796-2021","2374-4367"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323867253","host_organization_name":"International Communication Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323867253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Communication Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.12720/jcm.16.5.167-174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12720/jcm.16.5.167-174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184821498","display_name":"Journal of Communications","issn_l":"1796-2021","issn":["1796-2021","2374-4367"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323867253","host_organization_name":"International Communication Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323867253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Communication Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1632865797","https://openalex.org/W1981528574","https://openalex.org/W2012176224","https://openalex.org/W2065534491","https://openalex.org/W2120923854","https://openalex.org/W2127882892","https://openalex.org/W2132242631","https://openalex.org/W2140932347","https://openalex.org/W2148602768","https://openalex.org/W2162156625","https://openalex.org/W2170058397","https://openalex.org/W2331070728","https://openalex.org/W2509200089","https://openalex.org/W2892826110","https://openalex.org/W2899105008","https://openalex.org/W2908862802","https://openalex.org/W3039908263"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369939250","https://openalex.org/W2355032504","https://openalex.org/W1588525449","https://openalex.org/W2050865889","https://openalex.org/W2375798515","https://openalex.org/W2145406111","https://openalex.org/W1966593131","https://openalex.org/W2393018242","https://openalex.org/W4376277154","https://openalex.org/W4384933762"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"a":[1,34,52,86,121],"view":[2],"to":[3,7,19,138,167],"adapting":[4],"information":[5,49],"signals":[6],"suit":[8],"the":[9,41,45,56,102,115,127,134,139,141,147,173,176],"frequency":[10,42,57],"characteristics":[11],"of":[12,44,55,101,129,151,175],"digital":[13],"transmission":[14],"channels,":[15],"it":[16,61,145],"is":[17,73,78,164],"pertinent":[18],"design":[20],"channel":[21],"coding":[22,88],"schemes":[23],"that":[24,72,93,124],"can":[25,94],"exhibit":[26,95],"spectral":[27,96],"shaping":[28],"capabilities":[29],"after":[30],"being":[31],"processed":[32],"with":[33,91,158],"suitable":[35,74],"modulation":[36,70,81],"technique.":[37],"This":[38],"involves":[39],"concentrating":[40],"energy":[43,131],"coded":[46],"and":[47,172],"modulated":[48],"signal":[50],"towards":[51],"predetermined":[53],"range":[54],"spectrum,":[58],"or":[59],"making":[60],"have":[62],"low":[63],"power":[64],"content":[65],"at":[66,98],"such":[67],"frequencies.":[68],"One":[69],"scheme":[71,148],"for":[75,126],"achieving":[76,152],"this":[77],"pulse":[79],"amplitude":[80],"(PAM).":[82],"We":[83,118],"thus":[84],"present":[85,120],"permutation":[87],"(PC)":[89],"system":[90],"injections":[92,106,142],"nulls":[97],"rational":[99],"sub-multiples":[100],"symbol":[103,154],"frequency.":[104],"Such":[105],"are":[107,143,179],"achieved":[108],"by":[109],"strategically":[110],"removing":[111],"\u03b4":[112,170],"columns":[113],"from":[114],"source":[116],"PC.":[117],"also":[119],"mathematical":[122],"expression":[123],"allows":[125],"prediction":[128],"zero":[130],"positions":[132],"in":[133],"codebook\u2019s":[135],"spectrum.":[136],"Due":[137],"way":[140],"introduced,":[144],"gives":[146],"an":[149],"advantage":[150],"higher":[153],"rate,":[155],"when":[156],"compared":[157],"conventional":[159],"PC":[160],"systems.":[161],"The":[162],"work":[163],"however":[165],"limited":[166],"cases":[168],"where":[169],"=2":[171],"lengths":[174],"codewords":[177],"involved":[178],"even":[180],"numbers.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2021-06-07T00:00:00"}