{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4252700936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00294527-2009-001","title":"Collapsing Modalities","display_name":"Collapsing Modalities","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4252700936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00294527-2009-001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1215/00294527-2009-001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00294527-2009-001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78544662","display_name":"Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic","issn_l":"0029-4527","issn":["0029-4527","1939-0726"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315698","host_organization_name":"Duke University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315698","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University Press","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066338069","display_name":"Lloyd Humberstone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4932-1027"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lloyd Humberstone","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066338069"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.38114844,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81665179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11463","display_name":"Classical Philosophy and Thought","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.8432835340499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal-logic","display_name":"Modal logic","score":0.7465782165527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.6625598073005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.5346590280532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closing","display_name":"Closing (real estate)","score":0.5153650641441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculus","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","score":0.45418938994407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4326099157333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.37026989459991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.36900126934051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31374022364616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.3128419518470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17664164304733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1597268283367157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.10532909631729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.0930168628692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.07970434427261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.061726897954940796}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.8432835340499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27508121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210841","display_name":"Modal logic","level":3,"score":0.7465782165527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.6625598073005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.5346590280532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778775528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135432","display_name":"Closing (real estate)","level":2,"score":0.5153650641441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.45418938994407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4326099157333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.37026989459991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.36900126934051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31374022364616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3128419518470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17664164304733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1597268283367157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.10532909631729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0930168628692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07970434427261353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.061726897954940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1215/00294527-2009-001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00294527-2009-001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78544662","display_name":"Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic","issn_l":"0029-4527","issn":["0029-4527","1939-0726"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315698","host_organization_name":"Duke University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315698","https://openalex.org/P4310315572"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Duke University Press","Duke University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CULeuclid:euclid.ndjfl/1242067705","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ndjfl/1242067705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400787","display_name":"Project Euclid (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517992131","https://openalex.org/W1555815308","https://openalex.org/W2014204901","https://openalex.org/W2061038188","https://openalex.org/W2073581072","https://openalex.org/W2088766073","https://openalex.org/W2121820351","https://openalex.org/W2133834963","https://openalex.org/W4241245489","https://openalex.org/W4242309855","https://openalex.org/W4243450205"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W73545470","https://openalex.org/W4224266612","https://openalex.org/W2383394264","https://openalex.org/W4320153225","https://openalex.org/W4293261942","https://openalex.org/W3125968744","https://openalex.org/W2167701463","https://openalex.org/W2110287964","https://openalex.org/W4307407935","https://openalex.org/W649759291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sections":[0],"1":[1],"and":[2,6],"2":[3],"respectively":[4],"raise":[5],"settle":[7],"the":[8,19,33],"question":[9,59],"of":[10,32,47,67],"whether,":[11],"if":[12],"an":[13,48],"affirmative":[14],"modality":[15],"collapses":[16],"(reduces":[17],"to":[18],"null":[20],"modality,":[21],"that":[22,38],"is)":[23],"in":[24,37,63],"a":[25,57],"normal":[26],"modal":[27,53],"logic,":[28,39],"then":[29],"all":[30],"modalities":[31,62],"same":[34],"length":[35],"collapse":[36],"while":[40],"Section":[41],"3":[42],"considers":[43],"some":[44],"special":[45],"cases":[46],"analogous":[49],"phenomenon":[50],"for":[51],"congruential":[52],"logics,":[54],"closing":[55],"with":[56],"general":[58],"about":[60],"collapsing":[61],"this":[64],"broader":[65],"range":[66],"logics.":[68]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
