{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4237623529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2302_1","title":"Episodic Indexing: A Model of Memory for Attention Events","display_name":"Episodic Indexing: A Model of Memory for Attention Events","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4237623529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2302_1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog2302_1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2302_1","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1207/s15516709cog2302_1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1207/s15516709cog2302_1","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077056848","display_name":"Erik M. Altmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Erik M Altmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113601201","display_name":"Bonnie E. John","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bonnie E. John","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077056848"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1685,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78256243,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"117","last_page":"156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/episodic-memory","display_name":"Episodic memory","score":0.7396990060806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7179136872291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.7166008949279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.6317952871322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.6194732785224915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.5945689678192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5576481819152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5388149619102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.520959734916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4320203363895416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36753982305526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3388044238090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.32734063267707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.30389922857284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.212473064661026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1359100341796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1035643219947815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88576662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18646","display_name":"Episodic memory","level":3,"score":0.7396990060806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7179136872291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.7166008949279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6317952871322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.6194732785224915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.5945689678192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5576481819152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5388149619102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.520959734916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4320203363895416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36753982305526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3388044238090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.32734063267707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30389922857284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.212473064661026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1359100341796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1035643219947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog2302_1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2302_1","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1207/s15516709cog2302_1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog2302_1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2302_1","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1207/s15516709cog2302_1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4237623529.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88152431","https://openalex.org/W91553823","https://openalex.org/W95274681","https://openalex.org/W141077260","https://openalex.org/W153996976","https://openalex.org/W171216411","https://openalex.org/W204501593","https://openalex.org/W433844282","https://openalex.org/W606019047","https://openalex.org/W1492518088","https://openalex.org/W1519522181","https://openalex.org/W1674947250","https://openalex.org/W1684415682","https://openalex.org/W1701018184","https://openalex.org/W1757722891","https://openalex.org/W1866954957","https://openalex.org/W1972687012","https://openalex.org/W1977491210","https://openalex.org/W1983355488","https://openalex.org/W1992962448","https://openalex.org/W2000088790","https://openalex.org/W2001467963","https://openalex.org/W2002619025","https://openalex.org/W2009127721","https://openalex.org/W2015410977","https://openalex.org/W2022693688","https://openalex.org/W2030860531","https://openalex.org/W2031132359","https://openalex.org/W2035715329","https://openalex.org/W2042613254","https://openalex.org/W2042972316","https://openalex.org/W2045294043","https://openalex.org/W2052021678","https://openalex.org/W2059576637","https://openalex.org/W2061214496","https://openalex.org/W2072497397","https://openalex.org/W2073371272","https://openalex.org/W2075249440","https://openalex.org/W2079905836","https://openalex.org/W2079981839","https://openalex.org/W2082496272","https://openalex.org/W2083009591","https://openalex.org/W2088563966","https://openalex.org/W2092919341","https://openalex.org/W2093353037","https://openalex.org/W2098745374","https://openalex.org/W2107019937","https://openalex.org/W2110485377","https://openalex.org/W2117589077","https://openalex.org/W2120704737","https://openalex.org/W2134321850","https://openalex.org/W2145914994","https://openalex.org/W2148334620","https://openalex.org/W2154671002","https://openalex.org/W2157145031","https://openalex.org/W2162363818","https://openalex.org/W2315761891","https://openalex.org/W2321825260","https://openalex.org/W2327734981","https://openalex.org/W2327873341","https://openalex.org/W2595326376","https://openalex.org/W2798445359","https://openalex.org/W2924628403","https://openalex.org/W3188122794","https://openalex.org/W4229687826","https://openalex.org/W4231484439","https://openalex.org/W4233867044","https://openalex.org/W4234477066","https://openalex.org/W4237260681","https://openalex.org/W4239987398","https://openalex.org/W4242555830","https://openalex.org/W4243554470","https://openalex.org/W4246602944","https://openalex.org/W4249658983","https://openalex.org/W4252896424","https://openalex.org/W4256292483","https://openalex.org/W4300654267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3024364549","https://openalex.org/W4206019083","https://openalex.org/W1976265003","https://openalex.org/W2389793738","https://openalex.org/W1986163687","https://openalex.org/W3016650864","https://openalex.org/W2129888767","https://openalex.org/W4365815255","https://openalex.org/W2066500242","https://openalex.org/W1752685181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"People":[0],"often":[1],"remember":[2],"what":[3],"they":[4],"attend":[5],"to":[6,45,50,109],"in":[7],"the":[8,65,70,85,93,97,114,125,129,137],"world.":[9],"Such":[10],"memory":[11,208],"can":[12,99,133],"be":[13],"cast":[14],"as":[15,52],"a":[16,41,89,121,145,175,200],"kind":[17],"of":[18,23,113,147,177,205],"mental":[19],"catalog":[20],"or":[21],"index":[22,31,66,73],"attended":[24],"objects.":[25],"To":[26],"investigate":[27],"how":[28,64],"such":[29],"an":[30,72,76,111],"is":[32,67,75,144,160,172,199],"acquired":[33],"and":[34,132,150,168,181,184,186,198,202],"used,":[35],"protocol":[36,56],"data":[37,57],"were":[38,58],"collected":[39],"from":[40,48],"programmer":[42],"who":[43],"scrolled":[44],"off\u2010screen":[46],"objects":[47],"time":[49,51,90,122],"she":[53],"worked.":[54],"These":[55],"modeled":[59],"using":[60],"Soar,":[61],"which":[62],"constrains":[63],"constructed.":[68],"In":[69],"model,":[71],"entry":[74],"episodic":[77,180],"trace":[78,83],"encoded":[79,161],"during":[80],"attention.":[81],"The":[82],"associates":[84],"attention":[86,115,158],"event":[87],"with":[88,174],"symbol":[91],"denoting":[92],"event's":[94],"occurrence.":[95],"Later,":[96],"model":[98,126],"ask":[100],"itself":[101],"whether":[102],"it":[103],"saw":[104],"that":[105,128,155,164],"object":[106,130,138],"by":[107],"calling":[108],"mind":[110],"image":[112,119],"event.":[116],"If":[117],"this":[118],"retrieves":[120],"symbol,":[123],"then":[124],"infers":[127],"exists":[131],"reason":[134],"about":[135,157],"bringing":[136],"back":[139],"into":[140],"view.":[141],"Episodic":[142,170],"indexing":[143,171],"theory":[146],"these":[148],"encoding":[149],"retrieval":[151,165],"processes.":[152,188],"It":[153,189],"posits":[154],"information":[156],"events":[159],"automatically,":[162],"but":[163],"requires":[166],"effort":[167],"knowledge.":[169],"congruent":[173],"range":[176],"results":[178],"on":[179],"temporal":[182],"codes":[183],"recognition":[185],"recall":[187],"incorporates":[190],"source":[191],"monitoring":[192],"(Johnson,":[193],"Hashtroudi,":[194],"&amp;":[195,210],"Lindsay,":[196],"1993)":[197],"simple":[201],"pervasive":[203],"form":[204],"long\u2010term":[206],"working":[207],"(Ericsson":[209],"Kintsch,":[211],"1995).":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T09:01:20.584952","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
