{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4247933973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1004_1","title":"Logical Foundations for Belief Representation","display_name":"Logical Foundations for Belief Representation","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4247933973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1004_1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1004_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1004_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031328627","display_name":"William J. Rapaport","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2509-4627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William J. Rapaport","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of New York, Buffalo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York, Buffalo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031328627"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"],"apc_list":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.121,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94840911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"371","last_page":"422"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11727","display_name":"Advanced Algebra and Logic","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indexicality","display_name":"Indexicality","score":0.8986725807189941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6446468830108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/referent","display_name":"Referent","score":0.6157523393630981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6050308346748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5928951501846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.5159617066383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.502009391784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.4663493037223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4391208291053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.43557676672935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-inference","display_name":"Rule of inference","score":0.4294987916946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.42746978998184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.42099544405937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41803786158561707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.383907675743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.34456944465637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.21028143167495728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.1669069528579712}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99377836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661162","display_name":"Indexicality","level":2,"score":0.8986725807189941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6446468830108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777096784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3826351","display_name":"Referent","level":2,"score":0.6157523393630981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6050308346748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5928951501846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.5159617066383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.502009391784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.4663493037223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4391208291053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.43557676672935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3746660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068763","display_name":"Rule of inference","level":2,"score":0.4294987916946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.42746978998184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.42099544405937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41803786158561707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.383907675743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.34456944465637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21028143167495728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1669069528579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1004_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1004_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60755652","https://openalex.org/W81718829","https://openalex.org/W154565627","https://openalex.org/W333159539","https://openalex.org/W624297032","https://openalex.org/W1513414475","https://openalex.org/W1514583064","https://openalex.org/W1527127371","https://openalex.org/W1545800836","https://openalex.org/W1545815294","https://openalex.org/W1548285554","https://openalex.org/W1551377873","https://openalex.org/W1559039072","https://openalex.org/W1569788706","https://openalex.org/W1744260579","https://openalex.org/W1751943488","https://openalex.org/W1864286575","https://openalex.org/W1972255858","https://openalex.org/W1974043159","https://openalex.org/W1976303542","https://openalex.org/W1977376257","https://openalex.org/W1979978247","https://openalex.org/W1980558037","https://openalex.org/W1994248508","https://openalex.org/W2023896637","https://openalex.org/W2031016524","https://openalex.org/W2033934811","https://openalex.org/W2034426409","https://openalex.org/W2046661440","https://openalex.org/W2048810095","https://openalex.org/W2073679965","https://openalex.org/W2093273478","https://openalex.org/W2133679185","https://openalex.org/W2135437818","https://openalex.org/W2138143941","https://openalex.org/W2147859400","https://openalex.org/W2147919854","https://openalex.org/W2152909313","https://openalex.org/W2162550621","https://openalex.org/W2167107735","https://openalex.org/W2206530870","https://openalex.org/W2315087782","https://openalex.org/W2315647329","https://openalex.org/W2319790865","https://openalex.org/W2321195335","https://openalex.org/W2321481931","https://openalex.org/W2323589190","https://openalex.org/W2332352108","https://openalex.org/W2332808024","https://openalex.org/W2504013670","https://openalex.org/W2615248003","https://openalex.org/W2774558240","https://openalex.org/W2795650361","https://openalex.org/W2888944411","https://openalex.org/W2889367422","https://openalex.org/W2895414333","https://openalex.org/W3167809945","https://openalex.org/W4206476301","https://openalex.org/W4213173242","https://openalex.org/W4229531914","https://openalex.org/W4232255497","https://openalex.org/W4242397844","https://openalex.org/W4246830922","https://openalex.org/W4252173389","https://openalex.org/W4252670834","https://openalex.org/W4255670345","https://openalex.org/W4294738719","https://openalex.org/W6637661529","https://openalex.org/W6681888978","https://openalex.org/W6701334280","https://openalex.org/W6791671131"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W85646362","https://openalex.org/W2320418740","https://openalex.org/W2990731340","https://openalex.org/W1601100529","https://openalex.org/W1996040665","https://openalex.org/W2145792724","https://openalex.org/W1539943423","https://openalex.org/W1968255854","https://openalex.org/W2127778125","https://openalex.org/W2980491657"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"essay":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,96,129],"philosophical":[4],"and":[5,19,38,52,65,111,141],"computational":[6],"theory":[7],"of":[8,11,55,81,88,107,118,122],"the":[9,79,82,86,89,119,145],"representation":[10,64],"de":[12,15],"re":[13],",":[14,17],"dicto":[16],"nested,":[18],"quasi\u2010indexical":[20],"belief":[21,123,134],"reports":[22,124],"expressed":[23],"in":[24,49,94],"natural":[25],"language.":[26],"The":[27,105],"propositional":[28],"Semantic":[29],"Network":[30],"Processing":[31],"System":[32],"(SNePS)":[33],"is":[34,109,113],"used":[35],"for":[36,144],"representing":[37,53],"reasoning":[39,66],"about":[40],"these":[41],"reports.":[42],"In":[43],"particular,":[44],"quasi\u2010indicators":[45,108],"(indexical":[46],"expressions":[47],"occurring":[48],"intentional":[50],"contexts":[51],"uses":[54],"indicators":[56],"by":[57,74,128],"another":[58],"speaker)":[59],"pose":[60],"problems":[61],"far":[62],"natural\u2010language":[63],"systems,":[67],"because\u2014unlike":[68],"pure":[69],"indicators\u2014they":[70],"cannot":[71],"be":[72,92,126],"replaced":[73],"coreferential":[75,101],"NPs":[76],"without":[77],"changing":[78],"meaning":[80],"embedding":[83],"sentence.":[84],"Therefore,":[85],"referent":[87],"quasi\u2010indicator":[90],"must":[91],"represented":[93],"such":[95],"way":[97],"that":[98,115],"no":[99],"invalid":[100],"claims":[102],"are":[103],"entailed.":[104],"importance":[106],"discussed,":[110],"it":[112],"shown":[114],"all":[116],"four":[117],"above":[120],"categories":[121],"can":[125],"handled":[127],"single":[130],"representational":[131],"technique":[132],"using":[133],"spaces":[135],"containing":[136],"intensional":[137],"entities.":[138],"Inference":[139],"rules":[140],"belief\u2010revision":[142],"techniques":[143],"system":[146],"ore":[147],"also":[148],"examined.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}