{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142131598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0901_4","title":"Massively Parallel Parsing: A Strongly Interactive Model of Natural Language Interpretation*","display_name":"Massively Parallel Parsing: A Strongly Interactive Model of Natural Language Interpretation*","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142131598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0901_4","mag":"2142131598"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0901_4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0901_4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008116509","display_name":"David L. Waltz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David L. Waltz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois","[Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065211438","display_name":"Jordan Pollack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0819-3819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordan B. Pollack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois","[Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008116509"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":74.1117,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":432,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9990853,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"51","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.787303626537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.6851598024368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.6446221470832825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.6220385432243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6176903247833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5912171602249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence-processing","display_name":"Sentence processing","score":0.5576907396316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5505136847496033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-understanding","display_name":"Natural language understanding","score":0.5103864073753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5103372931480408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4949902892112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.4445056617259979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-interpretation","display_name":"Semantic interpretation","score":0.43617966771125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4151299297809601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.410847932100296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1906750202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10613784193992615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.787303626537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6851598024368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6446221470832825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.6220385432243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6176903247833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5912171602249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451195","display_name":"Sentence processing","level":3,"score":0.5576907396316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5505136847496033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.5103864073753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5103372931480408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4949902892112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.4445056617259979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193125573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449065","display_name":"Semantic interpretation","level":2,"score":0.43617966771125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4151299297809601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.410847932100296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1906750202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10613784193992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0901_4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0901_4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71999380","https://openalex.org/W135363680","https://openalex.org/W166127771","https://openalex.org/W176257381","https://openalex.org/W338804792","https://openalex.org/W395758652","https://openalex.org/W1490425380","https://openalex.org/W1499228415","https://openalex.org/W1533070959","https://openalex.org/W1536720309","https://openalex.org/W1542714163","https://openalex.org/W1564844429","https://openalex.org/W1576336681","https://openalex.org/W1604780736","https://openalex.org/W1708874574","https://openalex.org/W1968208097","https://openalex.org/W1974525874","https://openalex.org/W1976865404","https://openalex.org/W1978170337","https://openalex.org/W1979826868","https://openalex.org/W1980658026","https://openalex.org/W1981724541","https://openalex.org/W1996156594","https://openalex.org/W2005814556","https://openalex.org/W2013720308","https://openalex.org/W2032313067","https://openalex.org/W2032527312","https://openalex.org/W2035032881","https://openalex.org/W2042008249","https://openalex.org/W2045466646","https://openalex.org/W2046330369","https://openalex.org/W2054469506","https://openalex.org/W2061141062","https://openalex.org/W2077117307","https://openalex.org/W2093527506","https://openalex.org/W2108461087","https://openalex.org/W2132796688","https://openalex.org/W2135255848","https://openalex.org/W2140850270","https://openalex.org/W2146635133","https://openalex.org/W2152909313","https://openalex.org/W2157598146","https://openalex.org/W2167107735","https://openalex.org/W2172307690","https://openalex.org/W2322190567","https://openalex.org/W2325023511","https://openalex.org/W2331304890","https://openalex.org/W2438775341","https://openalex.org/W2500558877","https://openalex.org/W2798445359","https://openalex.org/W3140955751","https://openalex.org/W3202966348","https://openalex.org/W4229781645","https://openalex.org/W4238264692","https://openalex.org/W4244194142","https://openalex.org/W4248898177","https://openalex.org/W4250318245","https://openalex.org/W4251704720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W131351524","https://openalex.org/W2304404457","https://openalex.org/W2144439276","https://openalex.org/W2911292476","https://openalex.org/W2033975289","https://openalex.org/W2182401259","https://openalex.org/W3015724364","https://openalex.org/W4288263119","https://openalex.org/W2967994095","https://openalex.org/W2900126711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"is":[1,49],"a":[2,8,26,36,45,67,71,79],"description":[3],"of":[4,28,35,38,85,88,91],"research":[5],"in":[6],"developing":[7],"natural":[9],"language":[10],"processing":[11],"system":[12,22],"with":[13],"modular":[14],"knowledge":[15],"sources":[16],"but":[17],"strongly":[18],"interactive":[19],"processing.":[20],"The":[21],"offers":[23],"insights":[24],"into":[25],"variety":[27,37],"linguistic":[29],"phenomena":[30],"and":[31,56,61,87,100],"allows":[32],"easy":[33],"testing":[34],"hypotheses.":[39],"Language":[40],"interpretation":[41,99],"takes":[42],"place":[43],"on":[44,66,97],"activation":[46],"network":[47,64],"which":[48],"dynamically":[50],"created":[51],"from":[52],"input,":[53],"recent":[54],"context,":[55],"long\u2010term":[57],"knowledge.":[58],"Initially":[59],"ambiguous":[60],"unstable,":[62],"the":[63,83,89],"settles":[65],"single":[68],"interpretation,":[69],"using":[70],"parallel,":[72],"analog":[73],"relaxation":[74],"process.":[75],"We":[76],"also":[77],"describe":[78],"parallel":[80],"model":[81],"for":[82],"representation":[84],"context":[86],"priming":[90],"concepts.":[92],"Examples":[93],"illustrating":[94],"contextual":[95],"influence":[96],"meaning":[98],"\u201csemantic":[101],"garden":[102],"path\u201d":[103],"sentence":[104],"processing,":[105],"among":[106],"other":[107],"issues,":[108],"are":[109],"included.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}