{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2137870053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0803_1","title":"A Critique of Top\u2010down Independent Levels Models of Speech Production: Evidence from Non\u2010plan\u2010Internal Speech Errors*","display_name":"A Critique of Top\u2010down Independent Levels Models of Speech Production: Evidence from Non\u2010plan\u2010Internal Speech Errors*","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2137870053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0803_1","mag":"2137870053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0803_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0803_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036090536","display_name":"Trevor A. Harley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2759-1758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177639307","display_name":"University of Dundee","ror":"https://ror.org/03h2bxq36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Trevor A. Harley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dundee, Scotland","University of Dundee,   Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dundee, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dundee,   Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036090536"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"],"apc_list":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.946,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":261,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99219273,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"191","last_page":"219"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utterance","display_name":"Utterance","score":0.7430745959281921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7325073480606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-production","display_name":"Speech production","score":0.6862950921058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6498755216598511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-error","display_name":"Speech error","score":0.560896098613739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.5460427403450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.4772348701953888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4346708059310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.40344932675361633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36650317907333374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775852435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258403","display_name":"Utterance","level":2,"score":0.7430745959281921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7325073480606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575399","display_name":"Speech production","level":2,"score":0.6862950921058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6498755216598511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541956065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2250680","display_name":"Speech error","level":3,"score":0.560896098613739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5460427403450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.4772348701953888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4346708059310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.40344932675361633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36650317907333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0803_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0803_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.631.3135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.631.3135","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://csjarchive.cogsci.rpi.edu/1984v08/i03/p0191p0219/MAIN.PDF","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74704794","https://openalex.org/W87556388","https://openalex.org/W618443201","https://openalex.org/W647049502","https://openalex.org/W1581994554","https://openalex.org/W1599625425","https://openalex.org/W1973924295","https://openalex.org/W1993220683","https://openalex.org/W2005016250","https://openalex.org/W2043153002","https://openalex.org/W2046786739","https://openalex.org/W2049911368","https://openalex.org/W2054685590","https://openalex.org/W2059462993","https://openalex.org/W2060361333","https://openalex.org/W2062616473","https://openalex.org/W2071517223","https://openalex.org/W2077066951","https://openalex.org/W2080413246","https://openalex.org/W2109878893","https://openalex.org/W2120357670","https://openalex.org/W2122533673","https://openalex.org/W2140850270","https://openalex.org/W2154259673","https://openalex.org/W2158809727","https://openalex.org/W2161811913","https://openalex.org/W2161829306","https://openalex.org/W2170931964","https://openalex.org/W2264742718","https://openalex.org/W2319701923","https://openalex.org/W2770190982","https://openalex.org/W3000293211","https://openalex.org/W3173727345","https://openalex.org/W4230832996","https://openalex.org/W4249258521","https://openalex.org/W4300259510","https://openalex.org/W4317416142","https://openalex.org/W6635620785"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041340006","https://openalex.org/W2164483251","https://openalex.org/W2119031475","https://openalex.org/W2125317136","https://openalex.org/W4385881044","https://openalex.org/W2897452994","https://openalex.org/W893232432","https://openalex.org/W2532183022","https://openalex.org/W2107005922","https://openalex.org/W2136643121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,108],"number":[1],"of":[2,18,25,30,38,83,90,99,105,119],"speech":[3,19,91],"errors":[4,32],"are":[5,8,33,93],"examined":[6],"which":[7,21,42],"difficult":[9],"to":[10,45,57,62,111],"account":[11,112],"for":[12,88,113],"by":[13,35],"top\u2010down":[14],"serial":[15],"processing":[16],"models":[17,89],"production":[20,92],"hove":[22],"independent":[23],"levels":[24],"processing.":[26],"In":[27],"particular,":[28],"most":[29],"these":[31,59,114],"characterized":[34],"the":[36,46,64,75,100],"presence":[37],"an":[39],"interfering":[40],"element":[41],"is":[43,69,79,116],"external":[44],"utterance":[47],"under":[48],"current":[49],"construction.":[50],"This":[51],"paper":[52],"has":[53],"two":[54],"main":[55],"aims:":[56],"classify":[58],"errors,":[60],"and":[61,77,102],"examine":[63],"constraints":[65],"upon":[66],"them.":[67],"It":[68],"found":[70],"that":[71],"phonological":[72],"similarity":[73],"between":[74],"target":[76],"intrusion":[78],"a":[80,96,120],"major":[81],"determinant":[82],"error":[84],"occurrence.":[85],"The":[86],"consequences":[87],"discussed":[94],"in":[95],"framework":[97],"consisting":[98,118],"architecture":[101],"control":[103],"structure":[104],"those":[106],"models.":[107],"particular":[109],"model":[110],"data":[115],"proposed,":[117],"spreading":[121],"activation":[122],"lexical":[123],"network.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
