{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026161499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0702_3","title":"Structure\u2010Mapping: A Theoretical Framework for Analogy*","display_name":"Structure\u2010Mapping: A Theoretical Framework for Analogy*","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026161499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0702_3","mag":"2026161499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0702_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0702_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059715106","display_name":"Dedre Gentner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5120-6688"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dedre Gentner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059715106"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":46.7166,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5067,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99828907,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"155","last_page":"170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogy","display_name":"Analogy","score":0.9255746603012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-theory","display_name":"Domain theory","score":0.6869523525238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6344789266586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6330492496490479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literal","display_name":"Literal (mathematical logic)","score":0.6295021772384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.6211060285568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6152887344360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.581534743309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4536213278770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.4303951561450958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40036970376968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27777230739593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2360464334487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.23567500710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22934183478355408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08030113577842712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.07603052258491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.06689432263374329}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521332185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogy","level":2,"score":0.9255746603012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29585364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079166","display_name":"Domain theory","level":2,"score":0.6869523525238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6344789266586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6330492496490479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780882242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14235582","display_name":"Literal (mathematical logic)","level":2,"score":0.6295021772384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6211060285568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6152887344360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.581534743309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4536213278770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.4303951561450958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40036970376968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27777230739593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2360464334487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.23567500710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22934183478355408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08030113577842712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.07603052258491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.06689432263374329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0702_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0702_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:ADA122891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA122891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DTIC AND NTIS","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44738745","https://openalex.org/W124815281","https://openalex.org/W621665963","https://openalex.org/W1492518088","https://openalex.org/W1493838456","https://openalex.org/W1510032875","https://openalex.org/W1518266748","https://openalex.org/W1519496632","https://openalex.org/W1528369519","https://openalex.org/W1537197851","https://openalex.org/W1557160543","https://openalex.org/W1577290756","https://openalex.org/W1583908024","https://openalex.org/W1585581696","https://openalex.org/W1634667895","https://openalex.org/W1963489395","https://openalex.org/W1978528319","https://openalex.org/W1979003363","https://openalex.org/W1980169328","https://openalex.org/W1994925058","https://openalex.org/W1997423404","https://openalex.org/W2012380961","https://openalex.org/W2014344082","https://openalex.org/W2020793163","https://openalex.org/W2029048554","https://openalex.org/W2035386280","https://openalex.org/W2052417512","https://openalex.org/W2058970345","https://openalex.org/W2059975159","https://openalex.org/W2072855077","https://openalex.org/W2082551164","https://openalex.org/W2093754169","https://openalex.org/W2094848746","https://openalex.org/W2131275378","https://openalex.org/W2154129938","https://openalex.org/W2185644654","https://openalex.org/W2315371606","https://openalex.org/W2330690118","https://openalex.org/W2708689663","https://openalex.org/W4238044425","https://openalex.org/W4249258521","https://openalex.org/W4252262440"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327130486","https://openalex.org/W1562770917","https://openalex.org/W1530724957","https://openalex.org/W2089250532","https://openalex.org/W2002795397","https://openalex.org/W1969444028","https://openalex.org/W1972879445","https://openalex.org/W2104698307","https://openalex.org/W2368237856","https://openalex.org/W2340425834"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"theory":[1,48],"of":[2,9,17,46,58,68,87,92,106,129],"analogy":[3,11],"must":[4],"describe":[5],"how":[6],"the":[7,15,21,24,47,51,59,65,69,73,127],"meaning":[8],"an":[10],"is":[12],"derived":[13],"from":[14,82,110],"meanings":[16],"its":[18],"parts.":[19],"In":[20],"structure\u2010mapping":[22],"theory,":[23],"interpretation":[25],"rules":[26,31,52],"are":[27,49,97,108,120],"characterized":[28],"as":[29,124],"implicit":[30],"for":[32],"mapping":[33,95],"knowledge":[34,60],"about":[35],"a":[36,40],"base":[37,111],"domain":[38],"into":[39],"target":[41],"domain.":[42],"Two":[43,94],"important":[44],"features":[45],"(a)":[50,99],"depend":[53],"only":[54],"on":[55,64],"syntactic":[56],"properties":[57],"representation,":[61],"and":[62,71,89,114],"not":[63],"specific":[66],"content":[67],"domains;":[70],"(b)":[72,115],"theoretical":[74],"framework":[75],"allows":[76],"analogies":[77],"to":[78,112],"be":[79],"distinguished":[80],"cleanly":[81],"literal":[83],"similarity":[84],"statements,":[85],"applications":[86],"abstractions,":[88],"other":[90],"kinds":[91],"comparisons.":[93],"principles":[96],"described:":[98],"Relations":[100],"between":[101],"objects,":[102,107],"rather":[103],"than":[104],"attributes":[105],"mapped":[109,119],"target;":[113],"The":[116],"particular":[117],"relations":[118],"determined":[121],"by":[122,126],"systematicity,":[123],"defined":[125],"existence":[128],"higher\u2010order":[130],"relations.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":108},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":97},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":176},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":169},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":203},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":224},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":286},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":198},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":190},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":183},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":179},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":266},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":194},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":194}],"updated_date":"2026-06-07T08:38:57.713557","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}