{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4248133493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0302_2","title":"Configural Effects in Human Memory: The Superiority of Memory over External Information Sources as a Basis for Inference Verification*","display_name":"Configural Effects in Human Memory: The Superiority of Memory over External Information Sources as a Basis for Inference Verification*","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4248133493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0302_2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0302_2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0302_2","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1207/s15516709cog0302_2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1207/s15516709cog0302_2","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079228822","display_name":"Barbara Hayes\u2010Roth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309849503","display_name":"RAND Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2z7n96","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Hayes\u2010Roth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111792101","display_name":"Carol Walker","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Military Personnel Center, Alexandria, Virginia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Military Personnel Center, Alexandria, Virginia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5569,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95507028,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"119","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9642000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-reasoner","display_name":"Semantic reasoner","score":0.7430280447006226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7401635050773621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6501883268356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memorization","display_name":"Memorization","score":0.6032244563102722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","score":0.5191882848739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5000734329223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4930684268474579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-model","display_name":"Memory model","score":0.4735160171985626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-reasoning","display_name":"Logical reasoning","score":0.4651504456996918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4466267228126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.4320678412914276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apprehension","display_name":"Apprehension","score":0.42879554629325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.39526206254959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.356222927570343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3019108772277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10406142473220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1008690893650055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9616225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3929429","display_name":"Semantic reasoner","level":2,"score":0.7430280447006226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7401635050773621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6501883268356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30038468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4354775","display_name":"Memorization","level":2,"score":0.6032244563102722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5191882848739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5000734329223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4930684268474579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12186640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815743","display_name":"Memory model","level":3,"score":0.4735160171985626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43971567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142865","display_name":"Logical reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4651504456996918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4466267228126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4320678412914276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780409804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621701","display_name":"Apprehension","level":2,"score":0.42879554629325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.39526206254959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.356222927570343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3019108772277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10406142473220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1008690893650055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133875982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764810","display_name":"Shared memory","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0302_2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0302_2","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1207/s15516709cog0302_2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0302_2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0302_2","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1207/s15516709cog0302_2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60164676","https://openalex.org/W2000319260","https://openalex.org/W2028430223","https://openalex.org/W2052631493","https://openalex.org/W2088332151","https://openalex.org/W2579555219","https://openalex.org/W4298028598","https://openalex.org/W6602464106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W335786557","https://openalex.org/W2043069798","https://openalex.org/W2397565061","https://openalex.org/W1525578575","https://openalex.org/W2106246118","https://openalex.org/W4387561393","https://openalex.org/W2741941615","https://openalex.org/W3163481960","https://openalex.org/W3093895509","https://openalex.org/W4385482769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,123],"ability":[1],"to":[2,9,19,34,47,58],"integrate":[3],"information":[4,16],"from":[5],"diverse":[6],"texts":[7,52],"and":[8,28,55,102,111,137],"detect":[10],"logical":[11,73],"implications":[12,124],"of":[13,71,75,100,125,128],"the":[14,20,42,72,88,93,126],"integrated":[15],"is":[17,38,105],"fundamental":[18],"understanding":[21],"process.":[22],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"shows":[25],"that":[26],"identifying":[27],"configuring":[29],"relevant":[30,51],"facts":[31,43,94],"in":[32,96,120],"order":[33],"support":[35],"hypothesized":[36],"inferences":[37],"extremely":[39],"difficult":[40],"unless":[41],"have":[44],"been":[45],"committed":[46],"memory.":[48,97],"Simply":[49],"reading":[50],"for":[53,66,87,109,135],"familiarization":[54],"then":[56],"referring":[57],"them":[59],"as":[60,115,117,132],"needed":[61],"provides":[62],"an":[63,83],"inadequate":[64],"basis":[65,134],"deductive":[67],"logic.":[68],"Further,":[69],"apprehension":[70],"configuration":[74],"fads":[76],"underlying":[77],"a":[78,133],"particular":[79],"inference":[80,121],"can":[81],"be":[82],"essentially":[84],"automatic":[85],"process":[86],"reasoner":[89],"who":[90],"has":[91],"structured":[92],"appropriately":[95],"A":[98],"model":[99],"search":[101],"memory":[103],"mechanisms":[104],"proposed.":[106],"It":[107],"accounts":[108],"accuracy":[110],"reaction":[112],"time":[113],"data,":[114],"well":[116],"individual":[118],"differences":[119],"evaluation.":[122],"superiority":[127],"memorization":[129],"over":[130],"familiarization\u2010plus\u2010referencing":[131],"learning":[136],"reasoning":[138],"are":[139],"discussed.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}