{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2146310234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0000_30","title":"Processes of Similarity Judgment","display_name":"Processes of Similarity Judgment","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2146310234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0000_30","mag":"2146310234","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21702803"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0000_30","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0000_30","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071267114","display_name":"Levi B. Larkey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Levi B. Larkey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer and Computational Sciences Division, Los Alamos National LaboratoryDepartment of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin","Computer and Computational Sciences Division,  Los Alamos National Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer and Computational Sciences Division, Los Alamos National LaboratoryDepartment of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer and Computational Sciences Division,  Los Alamos National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046157332","display_name":"Arthur B. Markman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arthur B. Markman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071267114"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"],"apc_list":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2586,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8107979,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"6","first_page":"1061","last_page":"1076"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14394","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Education Research","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9621999859809875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.8986748456954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.7499934434890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extant-taxon","display_name":"Extant taxon","score":0.6173760890960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5486494302749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.44122153520584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.423747718334198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.4106304943561554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40611976385116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.3551071882247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3294003903865814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.06978580355644226}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.8986748456954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.7499934434890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178300618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1898509","display_name":"Extant taxon","level":2,"score":0.6173760890960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5486494302749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.44122153520584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.423747718334198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4106304943561554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40611976385116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3551071882247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3294003903865814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.06978580355644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0000_30","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0000_30","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21702803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21702803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive science","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333566","display_name":"National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51251913","https://openalex.org/W1500151553","https://openalex.org/W1509313115","https://openalex.org/W1523683925","https://openalex.org/W1542036844","https://openalex.org/W1556815708","https://openalex.org/W1568638707","https://openalex.org/W1662368540","https://openalex.org/W1968266296","https://openalex.org/W1969949803","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W1995921430","https://openalex.org/W1996503248","https://openalex.org/W2000255081","https://openalex.org/W2005081946","https://openalex.org/W2026161499","https://openalex.org/W2039336675","https://openalex.org/W2047774874","https://openalex.org/W2050375379","https://openalex.org/W2058293970","https://openalex.org/W2059938815","https://openalex.org/W2059975159","https://openalex.org/W2067242602","https://openalex.org/W2073257493","https://openalex.org/W2079783775","https://openalex.org/W2082385556","https://openalex.org/W2086618114","https://openalex.org/W2088992699","https://openalex.org/W2102240170","https://openalex.org/W2107155602","https://openalex.org/W2109166628","https://openalex.org/W2114756172","https://openalex.org/W2118373646","https://openalex.org/W2121773050","https://openalex.org/W2125756925","https://openalex.org/W2132089731","https://openalex.org/W2134699769","https://openalex.org/W2136966607","https://openalex.org/W2140505777","https://openalex.org/W2141545068","https://openalex.org/W2145454741","https://openalex.org/W2156002312","https://openalex.org/W2156159857","https://openalex.org/W2164797238","https://openalex.org/W2168546489","https://openalex.org/W2168700136","https://openalex.org/W2169371330","https://openalex.org/W2332045145","https://openalex.org/W2558099095","https://openalex.org/W2768721339","https://openalex.org/W2770108926","https://openalex.org/W2799095127","https://openalex.org/W2945820092","https://openalex.org/W2999905431","https://openalex.org/W3150562944","https://openalex.org/W4242558598","https://openalex.org/W4251514391","https://openalex.org/W4252527362","https://openalex.org/W4256109151","https://openalex.org/W4256550993","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2122009727","https://openalex.org/W4254905218","https://openalex.org/W2110318293","https://openalex.org/W131112349","https://openalex.org/W2129178665","https://openalex.org/W2047099104","https://openalex.org/W2082408343","https://openalex.org/W2503640619"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Similarity":[0,74],"underlies":[1],"fundamental":[2],"cognitive":[3],"capabilities":[4],"such":[5],"as":[6,75],"memory,":[7],"categorization,":[8],"decision":[9],"making,":[10],"problem":[11],"solving,":[12],"and":[13,67,78],"reasoning.":[14],"Although":[15],"recent":[16],"approaches":[17],"to":[18,32,52],"similarity":[19,48,57],"appreciate":[20],"the":[21,29,73],"structure":[22],"of":[23,47,56,82],"mental":[24],"representations,":[25],"they":[26],"differ":[27],"in":[28,49],"processes":[30],"posited":[31],"operate":[33],"over":[34],"these":[35],"representations.":[36],"We":[37],"present":[38],"an":[39],"experiment":[40],"that":[41],"differentiates":[42],"among":[43],"extant":[44],"structural":[45],"accounts":[46],"their":[50],"ability":[51],"account":[53],"for":[54,64],"patterns":[55],"ratings.":[58],"These":[59],"data":[60],"pose":[61],"a":[62],"challenge":[63],"transformation-based":[65],"models":[66],"all":[68],"but":[69],"one":[70],"mapping-based":[71],"model,":[72],"Interactive":[76],"Activation":[77],"Mapping":[79],"(SIAM)":[80],"model":[81],"similarity.":[83]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}