{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002184701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc1201_6","title":"Using Electroencephalogram to Investigate Stages of Visual Search in Visually Impaired Computer Users: Preattention and Focal Attention","display_name":"Using Electroencephalogram to Investigate Stages of Visual Search in Visually Impaired Computer Users: Preattention and Focal Attention","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002184701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc1201_6","mag":"2002184701"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327590ijhc1201_6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc1201_6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114256927","display_name":"Julie A. Jacko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julie A. Jacko","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin, Madison"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058435585","display_name":"Armando Barreto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-284X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armando Barreto","raw_affiliation_strings":["FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077460225","display_name":"Ingrid U. Scott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-7153"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingrid U. Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067560707","display_name":"Robert H. Rosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-8639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert H. Rosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Miami,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Miami,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110103161","display_name":"Charles J. Pappas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles J. Pappas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Miami,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Miami,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114256927"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4751,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61692337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"135","last_page":"150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-cortex","display_name":"Visual cortex","score":0.6967872381210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n2pc","display_name":"N2pc","score":0.6055459976196289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.6029648780822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-search","display_name":"Visual search","score":0.5965692400932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-field","display_name":"Visual field","score":0.5183613896369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5130059123039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-perception","display_name":"Visual perception","score":0.5072917342185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.48975110054016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.447420209646225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.436042457818985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.42529961466789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4223910868167877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.3978273868560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3678010106086731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3512980341911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.2191130816936493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1453987956047058}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75785","display_name":"Visual cortex","level":2,"score":0.6967872381210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207357515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6951948","display_name":"N2pc","level":4,"score":0.6055459976196289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.6029648780822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158495155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369151","display_name":"Visual search","level":2,"score":0.5965692400932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364768","display_name":"Visual field","level":2,"score":0.5183613896369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5130059123039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.5072917342185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.48975110054016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.447420209646225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.436042457818985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.42529961466789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4223910868167877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.3978273868560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3678010106086731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3512980341911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2191130816936493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1453987956047058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327590ijhc1201_6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc1201_6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52540693","https://openalex.org/W76038756","https://openalex.org/W200841156","https://openalex.org/W643390943","https://openalex.org/W1594275312","https://openalex.org/W1830540013","https://openalex.org/W1978344171","https://openalex.org/W1982931319","https://openalex.org/W1998977696","https://openalex.org/W2008060633","https://openalex.org/W2014126452","https://openalex.org/W2015021238","https://openalex.org/W2022853964","https://openalex.org/W2027051510","https://openalex.org/W2032872483","https://openalex.org/W2044455804","https://openalex.org/W2046391510","https://openalex.org/W2058132619","https://openalex.org/W2086428887","https://openalex.org/W2117273521","https://openalex.org/W2126395381","https://openalex.org/W2157080893","https://openalex.org/W2739206525","https://openalex.org/W2765556361","https://openalex.org/W3129233488","https://openalex.org/W4235012845","https://openalex.org/W4235275273","https://openalex.org/W6621121131","https://openalex.org/W6635357134","https://openalex.org/W6646373840","https://openalex.org/W6790756914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3135524076","https://openalex.org/W2126620608","https://openalex.org/W2014546862","https://openalex.org/W2963596371","https://openalex.org/W2108232315","https://openalex.org/W2024631899","https://openalex.org/W2975591259","https://openalex.org/W2512702489","https://openalex.org/W2948571332","https://openalex.org/W2027766226"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Researchers":[0],"have":[1],"shown":[2],"that":[3,29,119],"computer":[4,55,113,126],"users":[5,127],"with":[6],"impaired":[7,54,76,125],"vision":[8,71],"perform":[9],"visual":[10,27,50,80,86,90,100,109,137,150],"search":[11,28,51,147],"more":[12],"slowly":[13],"than":[14],"their":[15],"fully":[16],"sighted":[17],"counterparts.":[18],"However,":[19],"little":[20],"is":[21,43,128],"known":[22],"about":[23],"intermediate":[24,47],"stages":[25,48],"of":[26,40,49,63,83,85,97,108,132,135],"exist":[30],"between":[31],"stimuli":[32],"detection":[33],"and":[34,58,72,92],"identification.":[35],"Therefore,":[36],"the":[37,136,149],"primary":[38],"focus":[39],"this":[41],"research":[42,159],"to":[44,142],"investigate":[45],"2":[46],"in":[52,145],"visually":[53,124],"users:":[56],"preattention":[57],"focal":[59],"attention.":[60],"A":[61],"total":[62],"10":[64],"volunteers,":[65],"1":[66],"participant":[67],"who":[68],"possessed":[69],"normal":[70],"9":[73],"participants":[74],"possessing":[75],"vision,":[77],"underwent":[78],"clinical":[79],"examinations":[81],"consisting":[82],"assessments":[84],"acuity,":[87],"contrast":[88],"sensitivity,":[89],"field,":[91],"color":[93],"perception.":[94],"The":[95],"involvement":[96],"each":[98],"participant's":[99],"cortex":[101,151],"while":[102],"performing":[103],"a":[104,112,130],"continuous":[105],"matching":[106],"task":[107],"icons":[110],"on":[111],"screen":[114],"was":[115],"recorded.":[116],"Results":[117],"demonstrated":[118],"additional":[120],"time":[121,143],"required":[122],"by":[123],"not":[129],"result":[131],"delayed":[133],"engagement":[134],"cortex,":[138],"but":[139],"rather":[140],"due":[141],"spent":[144],"active":[146],"once":[148],"has":[152],"already":[153],"been":[154],"engaged.":[155],"Directions":[156],"for":[157],"future":[158],"are":[160],"provided.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}