{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999296548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0701_1","title":"Temporal Aspects of Tasks in the User Action Notation","display_name":"Temporal Aspects of Tasks in the User Action Notation","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999296548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0701_1","mag":"1999296548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327051hci0701_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0701_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2481449237","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"0737-0024","issn":["0737-0024","1532-7051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstreams/0b94ddab-e0ea-44fa-8daf-488e007fe60d/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001691438","display_name":"H. Rex Hartson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Rex Hartson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111470072","display_name":"Philip Gray","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip D. Gray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science, Glasgow University, Glasgow, Scotland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science, Glasgow University, Glasgow, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.5457,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97228381,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7751821279525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.7652024030685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.7202988862991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.6240854859352112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.5745938420295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagrammatic-reasoning","display_name":"Diagrammatic reasoning","score":0.5468412041664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5448912382125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface-design","display_name":"User interface design","score":0.5189947485923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.472215473651886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4271603226661682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.32679975032806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-experience-design","display_name":"User experience design","score":0.2553974986076355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7751821279525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.7652024030685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.7202988862991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.6240854859352112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.5745938420295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106624574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270387","display_name":"Diagrammatic reasoning","level":2,"score":0.5468412041664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5448912382125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149229913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135707","display_name":"User interface design","level":3,"score":0.5189947485923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.472215473651886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4271603226661682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.32679975032806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.2553974986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327051hci0701_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0701_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2481449237","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"0737-0024","issn":["0737-0024","1532-7051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/19657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.cs.vt.edu/archive/00000267/","pdf_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstreams/0b94ddab-e0ea-44fa-8daf-488e007fe60d/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtcstechreports.OAI2:194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.cs.vt.edu/archive/00000194/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400253","display_name":"Computer Science Technical Reports (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Departmental Technical Report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/19565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/19657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.cs.vt.edu/archive/00000267/","pdf_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstreams/0b94ddab-e0ea-44fa-8daf-488e007fe60d/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1999296548.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W198285135","https://openalex.org/W1497559908","https://openalex.org/W1547805965","https://openalex.org/W1966629784","https://openalex.org/W1971903669","https://openalex.org/W1975517312","https://openalex.org/W1999047205","https://openalex.org/W2004603793","https://openalex.org/W2009134190","https://openalex.org/W2030949352","https://openalex.org/W2045476911","https://openalex.org/W2046345502","https://openalex.org/W2057985855","https://openalex.org/W2063145598","https://openalex.org/W2065245166","https://openalex.org/W2081428746","https://openalex.org/W2104351678","https://openalex.org/W2117081378","https://openalex.org/W2117387723","https://openalex.org/W2118458397","https://openalex.org/W2121731156","https://openalex.org/W2122540544","https://openalex.org/W2127262541","https://openalex.org/W2157499172","https://openalex.org/W2161484642","https://openalex.org/W2163751633","https://openalex.org/W2217744415","https://openalex.org/W2659257075","https://openalex.org/W2899987233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1661701725","https://openalex.org/W159060582","https://openalex.org/W4210558560","https://openalex.org/W2008628264","https://openalex.org/W4285069804","https://openalex.org/W1560987914","https://openalex.org/W76932175","https://openalex.org/W3048212026","https://openalex.org/W4250782453","https://openalex.org/W2389032065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"software":[1],"usability":[2],"stems":[3],"from":[4],"good":[5],"user":[6],"interface":[7,23],"design.":[8],"Good":[9],"designs":[10,24,32],"invariably":[11],"depend":[12],"on":[13,36],"an":[14],"ability":[15],"to":[16,40],"understand":[17],"and":[18,30],"evaluate":[19],"(and":[20],"thereby":[21],"improve)":[22],"in":[25,34],"the":[26,37,42],"development":[27],"process.":[28],"Understanding":[29],"evaluating":[31],"depends,":[33],"part,":[35],"methods":[38],"used":[39],"represent":[41],"designs.":[43]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}