{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049228096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0504_1","title":"The Cognitive Consequences of Object-Oriented Design","display_name":"The Cognitive Consequences of Object-Oriented Design","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049228096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0504_1","mag":"2049228096"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327051hci0504_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0504_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2481449237","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"0737-0024","issn":["0737-0024","1532-7051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083871571","display_name":"Mary Beth Rosson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6101-3401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802964274","display_name":"Interface (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nvtmr42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802964274"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mary Beth Rosson","raw_affiliation_strings":["User Interface Institute, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"User Interface Institute, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I2802964274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050357332","display_name":"Sherman R. Alpert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802964274","display_name":"Interface (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nvtmr42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802964274"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherman Alpert","raw_affiliation_strings":["User Interface Institute, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"User Interface Institute, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I2802964274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083871571"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802964274","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6228,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":141,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9704142,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"345","last_page":"379"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10672","display_name":"Design Education and Practice","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7138229608535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6232001781463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.6218686103820801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5072202682495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.48649924993515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4540674090385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4462611675262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-process","display_name":"Design process","score":0.44247227907180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-design-process","display_name":"Engineering design process","score":0.41436901688575745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decomposition","display_name":"Decomposition","score":0.4129818379878998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4077918827533722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.3589273691177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3415014445781708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.22552737593650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2251984179019928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15332567691802979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.13314583897590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-in-process","display_name":"Work in process","score":0.1086958646774292}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7138229608535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6232001781463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.6218686103820801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5072202682495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.48649924993515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4540674090385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4462611675262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48262172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16908765","display_name":"Design process","level":3,"score":0.44247227907180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34972735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920267","display_name":"Engineering design process","level":2,"score":0.41436901688575745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.4129818379878998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4077918827533722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3589273691177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3415014445781708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.22552737593650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2251984179019928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15332567691802979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.13314583897590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.1086958646774292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327051hci0504_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0504_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2481449237","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"0737-0024","issn":["0737-0024","1532-7051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43120215","https://openalex.org/W95629399","https://openalex.org/W102485042","https://openalex.org/W138051444","https://openalex.org/W193302250","https://openalex.org/W202909246","https://openalex.org/W1483878156","https://openalex.org/W1493315108","https://openalex.org/W1501367599","https://openalex.org/W1545856227","https://openalex.org/W1567835448","https://openalex.org/W1577384748","https://openalex.org/W1586098591","https://openalex.org/W1589047548","https://openalex.org/W1607666861","https://openalex.org/W1651701101","https://openalex.org/W1717525145","https://openalex.org/W1770006921","https://openalex.org/W1963547174","https://openalex.org/W1972454041","https://openalex.org/W1973477315","https://openalex.org/W1984314602","https://openalex.org/W1984529712","https://openalex.org/W1987293380","https://openalex.org/W1990314504","https://openalex.org/W1990810281","https://openalex.org/W1992311316","https://openalex.org/W1997522747","https://openalex.org/W1999047205","https://openalex.org/W2004305900","https://openalex.org/W2004327091","https://openalex.org/W2005171801","https://openalex.org/W2009134190","https://openalex.org/W2023779256","https://openalex.org/W2026161499","https://openalex.org/W2026562880","https://openalex.org/W2026973491","https://openalex.org/W2034666369","https://openalex.org/W2037838725","https://openalex.org/W2038799287","https://openalex.org/W2040484671","https://openalex.org/W2042475329","https://openalex.org/W2042769377","https://openalex.org/W2045723688","https://openalex.org/W2046466923","https://openalex.org/W2048055472","https://openalex.org/W2050084695","https://openalex.org/W2055486889","https://openalex.org/W2056107463","https://openalex.org/W2056889125","https://openalex.org/W2056892625","https://openalex.org/W2062058751","https://openalex.org/W2067096189","https://openalex.org/W2070522460","https://openalex.org/W2071066888","https://openalex.org/W2071232977","https://openalex.org/W2071550130","https://openalex.org/W2078404830","https://openalex.org/W2079338956","https://openalex.org/W2095262154","https://openalex.org/W2097680763","https://openalex.org/W2099305423","https://openalex.org/W2100625161","https://openalex.org/W2107145247","https://openalex.org/W2115647291","https://openalex.org/W2118398801","https://openalex.org/W2132055297","https://openalex.org/W2134119432","https://openalex.org/W2138387375","https://openalex.org/W2148364259","https://openalex.org/W2154774499","https://openalex.org/W2155570292","https://openalex.org/W2163832616","https://openalex.org/W2164621667","https://openalex.org/W2168924105","https://openalex.org/W2180379667","https://openalex.org/W2286219239","https://openalex.org/W2579555219","https://openalex.org/W2911595631","https://openalex.org/W2954951251","https://openalex.org/W3035258717","https://openalex.org/W3143351655","https://openalex.org/W3172349748","https://openalex.org/W3173698854","https://openalex.org/W4229954498","https://openalex.org/W4241807393","https://openalex.org/W4251823152","https://openalex.org/W4300655963","https://openalex.org/W6609155422","https://openalex.org/W6625122095","https://openalex.org/W6629779416","https://openalex.org/W6632567300","https://openalex.org/W6634634799","https://openalex.org/W6634855606","https://openalex.org/W6637437393","https://openalex.org/W6641555490","https://openalex.org/W6648320325","https://openalex.org/W6656329238","https://openalex.org/W6664713799","https://openalex.org/W6676836979","https://openalex.org/W6680561512","https://openalex.org/W6765159031","https://openalex.org/W6769869828","https://openalex.org/W6773414408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148601120","https://openalex.org/W2101430679","https://openalex.org/W3085686413","https://openalex.org/W336145253","https://openalex.org/W2029812558","https://openalex.org/W1980520321","https://openalex.org/W2604835868","https://openalex.org/W2412175394","https://openalex.org/W1574311936","https://openalex.org/W2414678111"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"most":[1],"valuable":[2],"tools":[3],"or":[4],"methodologies":[5],"supporting":[6],"the":[7,17,23,26,31,34,49,64],"design":[8,20,50,77],"of":[9,19,25,33,56,68],"interactive":[10],"systems":[11],"are":[12],"those":[13],"that":[14],"simultaneously":[15],"ease":[16],"process":[18,51],"and":[21,52,59,76],"improve":[22],"usability":[24],"resulting":[27],"system.":[28],"We":[29,79],"consider":[30],"potential":[32],"object-oriented":[35,57],"paradigm":[36,70],"in":[37],"providing":[38],"this":[39,69],"dual":[40],"function.":[41],"After":[42],"briefly":[43],"reviewing":[44],"what":[45],"is":[46],"known":[47],"about":[48],"some":[53],"important":[54],"characteristics":[55],"programming":[58],"design,":[60],"we":[61],"speculate":[62],"on":[63],"possible":[65],"cognitive":[66],"consequences":[67],"for":[71],"problem":[72,74],"understanding,":[73],"decomposition,":[75],"result.":[78],"conclude":[80],"with":[81],"research":[82],"issues":[83],"raised":[84],"by":[85],"our":[86],"analysis.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}