{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994259901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1198/004017006000000075","title":"Adaptive One-Factor-at-a-Time Experimentation and Expected Value of Improvement","display_name":"Adaptive One-Factor-at-a-Time Experimentation and Expected Value of Improvement","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994259901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1198/004017006000000075","mag":"1994259901"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1198/004017006000000075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1198/004017006000000075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S985303","display_name":"Technometrics","issn_l":"0040-1706","issn":["0040-1706","1537-2723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103090653","display_name":"Daniel Frey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116219","display_name":"Engineering Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg60849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel D Frey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Systems Division Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139","Energy & Industry"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Systems Division Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007","https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy & Industry","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051105154","display_name":"Hungjen Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799600557","display_name":"Japan External Trade Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/0480zh114","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1287223417","https://openalex.org/I2799600557"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116219","display_name":"Engineering Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg60849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hungjen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Systems Division Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139","External organisation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Systems Division Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007","https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"External organisation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799600557"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8403,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92723823,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"3","first_page":"418","last_page":"431"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11798","display_name":"Optimal Experimental Design Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11798","display_name":"Optimal Experimental Design Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7276943325996399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","score":0.6497858762741089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractional-factorial-design","display_name":"Fractional factorial design","score":0.6422799825668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5955587029457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expected-value","display_name":"Expected value","score":0.5046705007553101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.48422789573669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.4735609292984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-of-experiments","display_name":"Design of experiments","score":0.45679453015327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fraction","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","score":0.4536842107772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.446486234664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4461454451084137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factorial-experiment","display_name":"Factorial experiment","score":0.380781888961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3378332257270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30361586809158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.23265984654426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.14014363288879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1285344362258911}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7276943325996399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6497858762741089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16469947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400745","display_name":"Fractional factorial design","level":3,"score":0.6422799825668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5955587029457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141042865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200125","display_name":"Expected value","level":2,"score":0.5046705007553101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.48422789573669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4735609292984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34559072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2334061","display_name":"Design of experiments","level":2,"score":0.45679453015327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4536842107772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.446486234664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4461454451084137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169222746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116558","display_name":"Factorial experiment","level":2,"score":0.380781888961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3378332257270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30361586809158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.23265984654426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.14014363288879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1285344362258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1198/004017006000000075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1198/004017006000000075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S985303","display_name":"Technometrics","issn_l":"0040-1706","issn":["0040-1706","1537-2723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130186203","https://openalex.org/W651150315","https://openalex.org/W1041618620","https://openalex.org/W2008476021","https://openalex.org/W2040000820","https://openalex.org/W2042264917","https://openalex.org/W2046600410","https://openalex.org/W2053090661","https://openalex.org/W2071079138","https://openalex.org/W2084804844","https://openalex.org/W2090641183","https://openalex.org/W2108623477","https://openalex.org/W2120637011","https://openalex.org/W2140762614","https://openalex.org/W2141804799","https://openalex.org/W2142449924","https://openalex.org/W2169876715","https://openalex.org/W2170832294","https://openalex.org/W2237440835","https://openalex.org/W2312194337","https://openalex.org/W2322250920","https://openalex.org/W2898670111","https://openalex.org/W4231559319","https://openalex.org/W4234683154","https://openalex.org/W4242186041","https://openalex.org/W4253843412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2945855118","https://openalex.org/W1967114272","https://openalex.org/W2908107136","https://openalex.org/W2787622611","https://openalex.org/W1969225545","https://openalex.org/W2793140644","https://openalex.org/W2987155035","https://openalex.org/W2789006471","https://openalex.org/W2788452061","https://openalex.org/W2390908354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"concerns":[2],"adaptive":[3,56],"experimentation":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,59],"means":[7],"for":[8,19],"making":[9],"improvements":[10,65],"in":[11],"design":[12,129],"of":[13,39,62,81,130],"engineering":[14],"systems.":[15],"A":[16,26,125],"simple":[17],"method":[18,109],"experimentation,":[20],"called":[21],"\u201cadaptive":[22],"one-factor-at-a-time,\u201d":[23],"is":[24,29,53,69,83],"described.":[25],"mathematical":[27],"model":[28],"proposed":[30],"and":[31,43,77,117],"theorems":[32,104],"are":[33,96,115,123],"proven":[34],"concerning":[35],"the":[36,40,44,63,74,108],"expected":[37],"value":[38],"improvement":[41,82],"provided":[42,87],"probability":[45],"that":[46,55,78,86,107],"factor":[47],"effects":[48,76,120],"will":[49],"be":[50],"exploited.":[51],"It":[52],"shown":[54],"one-factor-at-a-time":[57],"provides":[58],"large":[60,71,116],"fraction":[61],"potential":[64],"if":[66,94,121],"experimental":[67],"error":[68],"not":[70,97],"compared":[72,99],"with":[73,100],"main":[75,101,119],"this":[79],"degree":[80],"more":[84],"than":[85],"by":[88],"resolution":[89],"III":[90],"fractional":[91],"factorial":[92],"designs":[93],"interactions":[95,112,122],"small":[98],"effects.":[102],"The":[103],"also":[105],"establish":[106],"exploits":[110,118],"two-factor":[111],"when":[113],"they":[114],"small.":[124],"case":[126],"study":[127],"on":[128],"electric-powered":[131],"aircraft":[132],"supports":[133],"these":[134],"results.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-08T08:33:18.762332","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
