{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991296187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1198/00401700152404354","title":"A Factor-Analysis Method for Diagnosing Variability in Mulitvariate Manufacturing Processes","display_name":"A Factor-Analysis Method for Diagnosing Variability in Mulitvariate Manufacturing Processes","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991296187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1198/00401700152404354","mag":"1991296187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1198/00401700152404354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1198/00401700152404354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S985303","display_name":"Technometrics","issn_l":"0040-1706","issn":["0040-1706","1537-2723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050269446","display_name":"Daniel W. Apley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8545-4612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801613365","display_name":"Mitchell Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ds72003","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801613365"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel W Apley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 3131","Texas A and M University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 3131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A and M University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801613365"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022416209","display_name":"Jianjun Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3774-9176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianjun Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering The University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 2117","University of Michigan , Ann Arbor"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering The University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 2117","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan , Ann Arbor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050269446"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801613365","https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5218,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93895156,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"1","first_page":"84","last_page":"95"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11443","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11443","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6432417631149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6118133068084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5659300088882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5525133013725281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-capability","display_name":"Process capability","score":0.5007421970367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-cause-analysis","display_name":"Root cause analysis","score":0.4736053943634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","score":0.46616891026496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.43060559034347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-analysis","display_name":"Statistical analysis","score":0.41951441764831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-cause","display_name":"Root cause","score":0.41690075397491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-in-process","display_name":"Work in process","score":0.3866931200027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.37656065821647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3398524522781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24355211853981018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2353954315185547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2124340832233429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2049987018108368}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6432417631149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6118133068084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5659300088882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5525133013725281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91439571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1279773","display_name":"Process capability","level":3,"score":0.5007421970367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130963320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401207","display_name":"Root cause analysis","level":2,"score":0.4736053943634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.46616891026496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.43060559034347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.41951441764831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84945661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7366567","display_name":"Root cause","level":2,"score":0.41690075397491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.3866931200027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.37656065821647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3398524522781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24355211853981018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2353954315185547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2124340832233429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2049987018108368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1198/00401700152404354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1198/00401700152404354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S985303","display_name":"Technometrics","issn_l":"0040-1706","issn":["0040-1706","1537-2723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13740476","https://openalex.org/W22673637","https://openalex.org/W153815177","https://openalex.org/W1966457314","https://openalex.org/W1996340537","https://openalex.org/W1998386497","https://openalex.org/W2001595608","https://openalex.org/W2032978955","https://openalex.org/W2035559952","https://openalex.org/W2039846678","https://openalex.org/W2043510650","https://openalex.org/W2047524435","https://openalex.org/W2053039449","https://openalex.org/W2054658115","https://openalex.org/W2056492272","https://openalex.org/W2078977693","https://openalex.org/W2096710051","https://openalex.org/W2098006861","https://openalex.org/W2112440119","https://openalex.org/W2165918462","https://openalex.org/W2168175751","https://openalex.org/W2217442075","https://openalex.org/W2495436614","https://openalex.org/W2612166593","https://openalex.org/W3128131417","https://openalex.org/W4237377395","https://openalex.org/W4246686683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030594396","https://openalex.org/W2754538212","https://openalex.org/W3045668461","https://openalex.org/W2490884653","https://openalex.org/W4200610016","https://openalex.org/W4255366506","https://openalex.org/W2183996497","https://openalex.org/W2056250485","https://openalex.org/W129587375","https://openalex.org/W2132554038"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"many":[1],"modern":[2],"manufacturing":[3],"processes,":[4],"large":[5],"quantities":[6],"of":[7,34,38,57,71],"multivariate":[8],"process-measurement":[9],"data":[10,30],"are":[11,75,83],"available":[12],"through":[13],"automated":[14],"in-process":[15],"sensing.":[16],"This":[17],"article":[18],"presents":[19],"a":[20,58],"statistical":[21],"technique":[22],"for":[23,31],"extracting":[24],"and":[25,49,66,77],"interpreting":[26],"information":[27],"from":[28,80],"the":[29,32,61,72],"purpose":[33],"diagnosing":[35],"root":[36],"causes":[37],"process":[39,64,67],"variability.":[40,68],"The":[41],"method":[42,74],"is":[43],"related":[44],"to":[45],"principal":[46],"components":[47],"analysis":[48,51],"factor":[50],"but":[52],"makes":[53],"more":[54],"explicit":[55],"use":[56],"model":[59],"describing":[60],"relationship":[62],"between":[63],"faults":[65],"Statistical":[69],"properties":[70],"diagnostic":[73],"discussed,":[76],"illustrative":[78],"examples":[79],"autobody":[81],"assembly":[82],"provided.":[84]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
