{"id":"https://openalex.org/W126340259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.m2945","title":"Automated Semantic Indexing of Figure Captions to Improve Radiology Image Retrieval","display_name":"Automated Semantic Indexing of Figure Captions to Improve Radiology Image Retrieval","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W126340259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.m2945","mag":"126340259","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19261938"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1197/jamia.m2945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.m2945","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/16/3/380/2550748/16-3-380.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/16/3/380/2550748/16-3-380.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085037175","display_name":"Charles E. Kahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-7434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204308271","display_name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","ror":"https://ror.org/00qqv6244","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. E. Kahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Informatics, Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. kahn@mcw.edu","Division of Informatics, Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Informatics, Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. kahn@mcw.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Informatics, Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004965117","display_name":"Daniel L. Rubin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5057-4369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. L. Rubin","raw_affiliation_strings":["b Department of Radiology and Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA","Department of Radiology and Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Department of Radiology and Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085037175"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1337,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75429373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"380","last_page":"386"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11642","display_name":"Genomics and Rare Diseases","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.7936017513275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.7701254487037659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7351155281066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.5898427963256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.5592653751373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.5475543141365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval","display_name":"Confidence interval","score":0.43672457337379456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4312211275100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.4281582236289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31184133887290955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3022247552871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1280268132686615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10780051350593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08235439658164978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.7936017513275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.7701254487037659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7351155281066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.5898427963256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.5592653751373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.5475543141365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.43672457337379456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4312211275100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4281582236289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31184133887290955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3022247552871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1280268132686615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10780051350593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08235439658164978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000043","descriptor_name":"Abstracting and Indexing","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000043","descriptor_name":"Abstracting and Indexing","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000043","descriptor_name":"Abstracting and Indexing","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008488","descriptor_name":"Medical Illustration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008488","descriptor_name":"Medical Illustration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008488","descriptor_name":"Medical Illustration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010506","descriptor_name":"Periodicals as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010506","descriptor_name":"Periodicals as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010506","descriptor_name":"Periodicals as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011871","descriptor_name":"Radiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011871","descriptor_name":"Radiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011871","descriptor_name":"Radiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016001","descriptor_name":"Confidence Intervals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016001","descriptor_name":"Confidence Intervals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016001","descriptor_name":"Confidence Intervals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1197/jamia.m2945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.m2945","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/16/3/380/2550748/16-3-380.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19261938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19261938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2732225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2732225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1197/jamia.m2945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.m2945","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/16/3/380/2550748/16-3-380.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2225135173","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U54 HG004028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","funder_display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00baak391"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24765167","https://openalex.org/W27189800","https://openalex.org/W82967861","https://openalex.org/W178134144","https://openalex.org/W202643521","https://openalex.org/W280670494","https://openalex.org/W349354253","https://openalex.org/W857360071","https://openalex.org/W873522368","https://openalex.org/W1464162502","https://openalex.org/W1517188135","https://openalex.org/W1532303244","https://openalex.org/W1542206269","https://openalex.org/W1545047802","https://openalex.org/W1550258693","https://openalex.org/W1585991090","https://openalex.org/W1590192153","https://openalex.org/W1595101309","https://openalex.org/W1952150471","https://openalex.org/W2028651865","https://openalex.org/W2028962062","https://openalex.org/W2053673723","https://openalex.org/W2058660727","https://openalex.org/W2088963879","https://openalex.org/W2100895148","https://openalex.org/W2102858718","https://openalex.org/W2105713982","https://openalex.org/W2114063639","https://openalex.org/W2125848394","https://openalex.org/W2137490534","https://openalex.org/W2139563604","https://openalex.org/W2140835948","https://openalex.org/W2145258036","https://openalex.org/W2158789585","https://openalex.org/W2159583324","https://openalex.org/W2162311237","https://openalex.org/W2163670493","https://openalex.org/W2167945625","https://openalex.org/W2270018644","https://openalex.org/W2312872432","https://openalex.org/W2462919249","https://openalex.org/W2555756618","https://openalex.org/W3026892087","https://openalex.org/W4254165724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358294942","https://openalex.org/W1572370569","https://openalex.org/W3119811191","https://openalex.org/W2004030635","https://openalex.org/W4367460280","https://openalex.org/W4381744813","https://openalex.org/W4238243837","https://openalex.org/W2997522288","https://openalex.org/W3156724800","https://openalex.org/W2031656597"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"We":[1],"explored":[2],"automated":[3],"concept-based":[4,72,104,152,175],"indexing":[5,180],"of":[6,13,30,61,85,95,103,115,122,147,169,181],"unstructured":[7],"figure":[8,32,184],"captions":[9,33,185],"to":[10,26,39,55,66,70,106],"improve":[11,107],"retrieval":[12,73,105,110,153],"images":[14],"from":[15,34,45],"radiology":[16,124,182],"journals.":[17],"DESIGN:":[18],"The":[19,98],"MetaMap":[20],"Transfer":[21],"program":[22],"(MMTx)":[23],"was":[24,79,89,131,139],"used":[25,54],"map":[27],"the":[28,46,57,68,101,170],"text":[29],"84,846":[31],"9,004":[35],"peer-reviewed,":[36],"English-language":[37],"articles":[38],"concepts":[40],"in":[41,111,162],"three":[42],"controlled":[43],"vocabularies":[44],"UMLS":[47],"Metathesaurus,":[48],"version":[49],"2006AA.":[50],"Sampling":[51],"procedures":[52],"were":[53,172],"estimate":[56],"standard":[58],"information-retrieval":[59],"metrics":[60],"precision":[62,130,189],"and":[63,65,190,192],"recall,":[64,191],"evaluate":[67],"degree":[69],"which":[71],"improved":[74,194],"image":[75,125,195],"retrieval.":[76,196],"MEASUREMENTS:":[77],"Precision":[78],"estimated":[80,90],"based":[81,91],"on":[82,92],"a":[83,93,112,123],"sample":[84,94,114],"250":[86],"concepts.":[87,97],"Recall":[88],"40":[96],"authors":[99],"measured":[100],"impact":[102],"upon":[108],"keyword-based":[109],"random":[113],"10,000":[116,148],"search":[117,126,149,176],"queries":[118,150],"issued":[119],"by":[120,158,174],"users":[121],"engine.":[127],"RESULTS:":[128],"Estimated":[129,137],"0.897":[132],"(95%":[133,141],"confidence":[134,142],"interval,":[135,143],"0.857-0.937).":[136],"recall":[138],"0.930":[140],"0.838-1.000).":[144],"In":[145],"5,535":[146],"(55%),":[151],"found":[154,173],"results":[155,171],"not":[156],"identified":[157],"simple":[159],"keyword":[160],"matching;":[161],"2,086":[163],"searches":[164],"(21%),":[165],"more":[166],"than":[167],"75%":[168],"alone.":[177],"CONCLUSION:":[178],"Concept-based":[179],"journal":[183],"achieved":[186],"very":[187],"high":[188],"significantly":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}